Spleen and lymph nodes

Necropsy practices DVM course
Riphah College Of veterinary sciences lahore

1. Spleen and Lymph nodes Presented to Prof: Dr Ahmed Ud Din Anjum By Adnan Ahmad Group 7

2. Lymph nodes are bean shaped organs found in clusters along the distribution of lymph channels of the body. Every tissue supplied by blood vessels is supplied by lymphatic's except placenta and brain. There are over 800 lymph nodes in the body and around 300 are located in the head and neck Lymph Nodes

3. SECONDARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS :- The secondary lymphatic organs are the spleen, the lymph nodes and other organs, such as the tonsils, Peyer patches, and the appendix. All the secondary organs are the places where lymphocytes encounter and bind with antigens, after which they proliferate and become actively engaged cells.

4. The lymphatic system and its organs are widespread and scattered throughout the body. It functions to service almost every region of the body. Because the vessels of the lymphatic system span the entire body it becomes an easy portal for the spread of cancer and other diseases, which is why disorders and diseases of this system can be so devastating.

5. Spleen The spleen is a major lymphoid and blood filtration organ and is located in the left cranial abdomen. It is responsible for storing and removing erythrocytes  from the blood as well as antigen surveillance of the blood and antibody production. The Size and shape of spleen varies among species. How ever it is the largest lymphoid organ in the body.

6. Structure The spleen lies vertically on the left side of the cranial abdomen. It is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament. The spleen is enclosed in a capsule of fibrous and elastic tissue that extends into the parenchyma as trabeculae . The parenchyma is supported by a fine mesh of reticular fibres and is divided into two types of tissue, the red and the white pulp , which are separated by the marginal sinus.

7. Functions – It produces blood cells in the fetus and may resume this role in adults in the event of extreme anemia. It monitors the blood for foreign antigens, much like the lymph nodes do the lymph. Lymphocytes and macrophages of the white pulp are quick to detect foreign antigens in the blood and activate immune reactions.

8. The spleen also compensates for excessive blood volume by transferring plasma from the bloodstream into the lymphatic system. A person can live without a spleen, but is somewhat more vulnerable to infections.

9. Comparative Anatomy Colour :- The SPLEEN is relatively small, red-brown in the bull and blue gray in the cow. Weight : - It is up to 50 cm long and its average weight varies with sex, age, and body size from 390 to 2000 g. Shape : - It is an elongated oval, tongue-shaped organ of about equal width throughout. Position : - Its position is almost vertical. The dorsal end is near the vertebral column and the ventral end is a hand’s breadth dorsal to the 7th–8th costochondral junction. The cranial and caudal borders are rounded in the bull, acute in the cow.

10. Normal Horse spleen

11. Normal Bovine Spleen

12. Bovine Spleen

13. PATHOLOGY OF SPLEEN SPLENITIS :- inflammation of spleen Characterized by Enlargement, infiltration of inflammatory cells, proliferation of lymphoid follicles, congestion and edema followed by proliferation of fibrous tissue. Etiology Infections e.g. bacteria, virus Deficiency of vitamins and minerals

14. .

15. .

16. Splenomegaly Enlarged spleen is called Splenomegaly Caused by infections, cirrhosis and other liver diseases, blood diseases characterized by abnormal blood cells, problems with the lymph system, or other conditions. Infections Viral infections, such as mononucleosis Parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis Bacterial infections, such as endocarditis (an infection of your heart's valves)

17. .

18. 2

19. Enlargement Of Spleen

20. In Human

21. .

22. .

23. Lymph nodes Mediastinal Lymph node Mesenteric Lymph Node

24. Lymphadenitis Inflammation of lymph nodes . Effected lymph nodes can be observed in many diseases such as Strangles Bovine Leukosis Tuberculosis

25. Strangles Affected lymph nodes are enlarged, painful, and warm and contain thick purulent exudates purulent lymphadenitis) Abscesses in the mesenteric lymph node

26. Lymphosarcoma in cattle may be sporadic or result from infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV)

27. Enlarged external lymph nodes on a cow with Bovine Leukemia.

28. The juvenile form of sporadic bovine leucosis causes weight loss with massive enlargement of lymph nodes.

29. Lymph sarcoma in meditational lymph nodes

30. Harden ,calcified lymph nodes in TB

31. Calcified Lymph nodes and Lungs in TB

32. Thanks