spss-anintroduction-150704135929-lva1-app6892.ppt

Introduction to SPSS

1. INTRODUCTION
TO SPSS

2. What is SPSS?
Originallyitisanacronym“StatisticalPackageforthe
SocialSciences”butnowitstandsforStatisticalProduct
andServiceSolutionsItisalsoknownbythename
PASW(PredictiveAnalyticsSoftware)
Itisasoftwareusedfordataanalysisinbusinessresearch.
Canbeusedfor:
oProcessingQuestionnaires
oReportinginTablesandGraphs
oAnalyzing:Means,Chi-square,Regression,…andmuch
more..

3. History
SPSS has a long heritage
Introduced in 1968.
Was originally developed to facilitate statistical
analysis in the social sciences.
Early versions designed to run on mainframe
computers.
On July 28, 2009 IBM announced it was acquiring
SPSS Inc. for $ 1.2 billion in cash
The current versions (2015) are officially named
IBM SPSS Statistics.

4. About SPSS Incorporated
SPSSInc.isaleadingworldwideproviderof
predictiveanalyticssoftwareandsolutions.
SPSSInc.wasasoftwarehouseheadquarteredin
ChicagoandincorporatedinDelaware
Thecompanywasstartedin1968byNormanNie,
DaleBent,andHadlai"Tex"Hull
TodaySPSShasmorethan250,000customers
worldwide,servedbymorethan1,200employeesin
60countries.

5. Now the company is known as
SPSS: An IBM® Company :

6. General Capabilities
SPSS has a lot of great features
Canimportdatafrommanydifferentsources,suchas
Microsoft
®
ExcelandSAS
®
.
Providesanalysistoolstogeneratereports,charts,
plots,descriptivestatistics,andrunadvanced
statisticalanalyses.
Inadditiontouserinterface,providesacommand
syntaxthatcansimplifycertainthings,suchas
runningrepetitivetasks.

7. Basic Operations in SPSS
(Basic Steps In Data Analysis)
Variable Entry (adding or deleting a variable)
Data Entry (adding or deleting the data)
Saving the data
Importing data from Excel file
Checking the data entered
Sorting the data
Transforming the data
7

8. Variables
Aconceptwhichcantakeondifferent
quantitativevaluesiscalledavariable.
Ex.Whatarevariablesyouwouldconsiderinbuying
asecondhandbike?
Brand
Type
Age
Condition (Excellent, good, poor)
Price
8

9. Dichotomousvariables(havingtwovaluesonly)
YesorNo
MaleorFemale
Income, age or a test score are the examples of
continuous variables.
These variables may take on any value within a given
range, or in some cases, an infinite set.
9

10. Measurement Scales
Theprocessofassigningnumberstoobjectsinsuch
awaythatspecificpropertiesoftheobjectsare
faithfullyrepresentedbyspecificpropertiesofthe
numbers.
TypesofScales:
Nominal
Ordinal
Scale
Interval
Ratio
10

11. Types of Scales
Nominal
example: nationality, race, gender…
based on a concept(two categories variable called
“dichotomous nominal”)
Ordinal
example:knowledge, skill... (more than, equal, less than)
rank-orderedin terms of a criterion from highest to lowest
Interval/Ratio
example:age, income, speed...
based on arithmetic qualitiesand have a fixed zero point

12. 7 38
Nominal Numbers
Assigned
to Runners
Ordinal Rank Order
of Winners
Interval Performance
Rating on a
Scale
Ratio Time to Finish
in Seconds
Third
place
Second
place
First
place
Finish
Finish
8.2 9.1 9.6
15.2 14.1 13.4
Scale

13. Scale Basic
Characteristics
Common
Examples
Nominal Numbers identify
& classify objects
Gender,
numbering of
football players
Percentages,
mode
Chi-square,
binomial test
Ordinal Nos. indicate the
relative positions
of objects but not
the magnitude of
differences
between them
Quality rankings,
rankings of teams
in a tournament
Percentile,
median
Rank-order
correlation,
Friedman
ANOVA
Ratio Zero point is fixed,
ratios of scale
values can be
compared
Length, weightGeometric
mean, harmonic
mean
Coefficient of
variation
Permissible Statistics
Descriptive Inferential
Interval Differences
between objects
Temperature
(Fahrenheit)
Range, mean,
standard
Product-
moment Primary Scales

14. SPSS INTERFACE

15. TYPES OF WINDOWS
Data view
Variable View
Output Viewer
Pivot Table Editor
Chart Editor
Text Output Editor
Syntax Editor

16. Data Editor (.sav files)
The Data Editor lets you see and manipulate
your data. You will always have at least one
Data Editor open (even if you have not yet
opened a data set). When you open an SPSS
data file, what you see is a working copy of
your data. Changes you make to your data are
not permanent until you save them (clickFile -
SaveorSave As). Data files are saved with a
file type of.sav, a file type that most other
software cannot work with

17. Data Viewer
Entering
Editing
Displaying
DATA
No. of Respondents/Questionnaires/Schedules

18. DATA VIEW

19. VARIABLE VIEW
In the Variable View you can see and edit the
information that defines each variable
(sometimes calledmeta-data) in your data set:
each column of the Data View is described by
a row of the Variable View.

20. Variable View
Programming
Defining
Qualitative
Questions
Number of Questions

23. 1.Opensautomaticallyifit
runsaprocedure
2.DisplaysStatisticalresults,
Graphsandsaveitfor
futureuse.
Outline Pane
Navigate output
Highlight output
Pivot table editor
Text output edit
Chart Editor

24. Pivot table Editor
Text Edit

25. Double
Click
Editing
Options
Chart Editor

26. Syntax

27. Manually Entering Data
SPSS makes it easy.
Start with the Data Editor.
There are two tabs at the bottom:
Data View
Variable View
Gives you two ways to enter data:
Start with Data View and just start typing!
Start with Variable View and define your variables
first.
Think of variables as labels that describe your data.

28. Gender
Age