SSP-102-Biomedical-Perspective-in-Gender-and-Sexuality.pdf

SRG-GOOD GOVERNANCE AND

1. Biomedical Perspective
in Gender and Sexuality
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2025-2026
GENDER AND SOCIETY
LENNETH C. FEBRERO
Course Instructor

2. Differentiate the female and male reproductive
systems
Explain the physiologic processes in female and male
Identify the different birth control methods
Determine the complications of early pregnancy
Point out the different habits that maintain good
hygiene
Identify the trouble signs that can lead to risky
behaviors and its complication
LEARNING OUTCOMES

3. ANATOMY ANDANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGYPHYSIOLOGY
OF REPRODUCTIONOF REPRODUCTION
LESSON 4

4. Reproduction - the process of
producing offsprings
Genitals - external sex organs
Primary sex characteristics -
present at birth
Secondary sex characteristics -
emerge during puberty
DEFINITION OF TERMS

5. Humans experience various
physical and emotional changes
from childhood to adulthood.
These stages are based on
human growth and development
from childhood, adolescence,
adulthood, and old age.
Despite differences in physical
appearance, the sexual organs
of men and women arise from
the same structures and
fulfill similar functions.

6. GONADS
The ovaries are the female gonads that produce the egg cells.
The testes are the male gonads that produce the sperm cells.
Ova and sperm are the basic units of reproduction; their union
can lead to the creation of life.

7. THE BIOLOGICAL FEMALE
The female sexual anatomy is designed
for the production and fertilization of
ovum, as well as carrying and delivering
the offspring.
Puberty signals the final development of
primary and accessory organs that
support reproduction.

8. FEMALE HORMONES
ESTROGEN - plays a crucial role in reproductive and sexual
development, which begins when a person reaches puberty.
PROGESTERONE - helps stabilize menstrual cycles and
prepares the body for pregnancy. Having a low level of
progesterone can lead to irregular periods, difficulty
conceiving, and a higher risk of complications during
pregnancy.

9. MENSTRUAL CYCLE
The menstrual cycle marks the beginning of
puberty in females. It is a normal vaginal bleeding
that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle.
It may last within 2 to 6 days which follows a cycle
ranging from 24 to 42 days.
Menstruation begins about 14 days after ovulation.

10. The time between the first day
of the period and ovulation.
Estrogen rises as an egg
prepares to be released.
It is when a mature egg is released
from an ovary. Estrogen and
testosterone rise to peak levels,
boosting sex drive and confidence.
Follicular
Phase
Ovulatory
Phase
Pre-menstrual syncdrome starts
to rise and there is a shift in mood,
energy, and sleep. Progesterone is
produced, peaks, and then drops.
Luteal
Phase
Menstrual
Phase
This starts when an egg from the
previous cycle is not fertilized.
Progesterone plunges, which
causes the uterine lining to shed.
FOUR PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

11. HORMONAL IMBALANCE
Female Hormonal Imbalance occurs when
hormones rise above or drop below normal
levels in the bloodstream.
Hormones are chemicals produced by
glands in the endocrine system that tell
your cells, tissues, and organs what to do.
Hormones help regulate many important
functions in the body such as mood and
body temperature.

12. THE BIOLOGICAL MALE
The male sexual anatomy is designed for
the production and delivery of sperm for
fertilization of the female’s ovum.
Puberty signals the final development of
primary and accessory organs that
support reproduction.

13. MALE HORMONES
ANDROGEN - primarily influences the growth and
development of the male reproductive system.
TESTOSTERONE - the major sex hormone in males. It is
essential to the development of male growth, masculine
characteristics, and plays a vital role in sperm production.

14. ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
Erectile dysfunction is defined as the
persistent inability to achieve or maintain
penile erection sufficient for satisfactory
sexual performance.
This is usually caused by stress, tiredness
or drinking too much alcohol. It can also
be a side effect of some medicines.
If erectile dysfunction happens often, it
may be caused by a condition such as
high blood pressure or high cholesterol.

15. SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
THAT EMERGE AFTER PUBERTY
FEMALE
Widening of hips and pelvis
Enlargement of breasts
Two X chromosomes reduces
expression of many sex-linked
conditions
Lower mortality rate at every age and
longer projected lifespan than men
MALE
Elongation of vocal chords, broader
shoulders, and deeper chest cavity
Single X chromosome resulting in sex-
linked conditions such as
colorblindness and hemophilia.
Proportionately larger heart and
lungs, presumably to handle greater
blood fluid volume

16. SUMMARY
Humans experience various physical
changes from childhood to adulthood.
The adolescent stage is characterized by
dynamic changes in physical and
behavioral traits.
Despite differences in physical
appearance, the sexual organs of men
and women arise from the same
structures and fulfill similar functions.

17. THE PROCESSTHE PROCESS
OF REPRODUCTIONOF REPRODUCTION
LESSON 5

18. WHAT IS REPRODUCTION?
Reproduction is a fundamental biological process
carried out by different living organisms to produce
their young ones or offspring. In human, reproduction
plays a significant role in the continuity of species from
one generation to another generation.

19. Ovulation
The process when a mature ovum is released from
the ovary and travels to the fallopian tube for
possible fertilization
Fertilization
The union of the sperm and the ovum
Pregnancy
The process when an offspring develops within the
mother’s womb
DEFINITION OF TERMS

20. HOW DOES
ONE OVULATE?
The monthly ovulation leads to menstruation in
the absence of pregnancy.
Normally, it lasts around 28 days, on the average,
but can be as short as 21 or as long as 40.
Whatever the length, ovulation will happen about
10-16 days before the start of the next period.

21. HOW DOES PREGNANCY OCCUR?
Pregnancy officially starts when a fertilized egg
implants in the lining of the uterus. It takes up
to 2-3 weeks after unprotected sex for
pregnancy to happen.
For pregnancy to proceed, the sperm needs to
meet up with an egg.

22. HOW TO AVOID
UNWANTED PREGNANCY?
Although the pregnancy rate in adolescents
has declined steadily in the past 10 years, it
remains a major public health problem.
Successful strategies to prevent adolescent
pregnancy include community programs to
improve social development, responsible
sexual behavior, sex education, and
contraceptive counseling and delivery.

23. CONTRACEPTIVES
Condom
Birth control
pills and
injection
Sterilization
and IUD
Withdrawal
Method
Calendar
Method

24. CHART FOR CONTRACEPTION

25. CHART FOR CONTRACEPTION

26. CHART FOR CONTRACEPTION
REFERENCES:
https://www.fda.gov/media/150299/download
https://www.makatimed.net.ph/blogs/when-to-take-birth-control-and-how-it-affects-the-body-by-age/

27. WHAT ARE THE
HEALTH EFFECTS OF
EARLY PREGNANCY?
When a woman is under 20,
the pelvic area is still growing
and may not be large enough
to allow the baby to easily pass
through the birth canal.
OBSTRUCTED LABOR
Failure of the fetus to descend
through the birth canal
OBSTETRIC FISTULA
A medical condition in which a hole
develops in the birth canal as a result
of childbirth. This can be between the
vagina and rectum, ureter, or bladder.

28. COMPLICATIONS OF EARLY PREGNANCY
Excessive Vomiting
Severe Anemia
Hypertension
Convulsions
Difficulty in Breastfeeding
Premature
Low Birth Weight Babies
Infection
Prolonged Labor
High Maternal Mortality/Death

29. “All people deserve accurate“All people deserve accurate
sexual health care.”sexual health care.”
-Marcia Garber, supportive mother of a
transgender child and advocate of sexual health

30. SUMMARY
Reproduction involves the ova and sperm
to fuse. Their union can lead to the
creation of a new life through pregnancy.
There are various ways of preventing
pregnancy so that the growing adolescent
would be empowered to choose to avert
from early pregnancy that can lead to
various life-threatening complications.

31. SEXUAL HEALTHSEXUAL HEALTH
AND HYGIENEAND HYGIENE
LESSON 6

32. Health - a state of complete physical, mental,
and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
Hygiene - refers to behaviors that can
improve cleanliness and lead to good health.
Sexual Health - refers to a state of physical,
emotional, mental and social well-being in
relation to sexuality.
Reproductive Health - refers to the state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-
being relating to the reproductive system.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

33. Puberty cause all kinds of changes
in the adolescent’s body. These
bodily changes are normal part of
developing into an adult.
Therefore, maintaining proper
hygiene leads to better health,
confidence, and overall growth.

34. hair dryer
Personal Hygiene
washclothconditionersoapshampoo
toilet paperspongebathrobe
cotton budsmirrorcombtowel
nail clipperflosstoothpastetoothbrush

35. HEALTHCARE CHECK FOR FEMALE
A breast self-exam is a check-up a woman does at home to look for
changes or problems in the breast tissue.
Use soap and water to wash the external genitalia and your
underarms everyday, especially during menstruation.

36. HEALTHCARE CHECK FOR FEMALE
While washing, wash starting from the vagina
towards the anus. Do not wash from the anus
towards the vagina. This will allow germs to enter
the inner genitalia easily and cause infection.
Be aware of abnormal fluids from your vagina.
Do not confuse this with normal vaginal fluids.
Always consult a doctor.

37. HEALTHCARE CHECK FOR FEMALE
Use either disposable pad made of cotton, which has a
nylon base, or a clean piece of cotton cloth to absorb
blood during menstruation.
Properly dispose of the pad after each use, or
wash and dry the piece of the cloth used as a
menstrual pad before use.

38. HEALTHCARE CHECK FOR MALE
Wash the external genitalia at least daily with soap and water, as you
wash the rest of the body.
Boys who are not circumcised need to pull back the foreskin and
gently wash the underneath it with clean water.

39. HEALTHCARE CHECK FOR MALE
Be aware of any abnormal fluids coming
from your penis. Do not confuse this with
the presence of abnormal fluids.
If you see any abnormal fluid or wound,
please visit a health professional.

40. SUMMARY
The health habits for the developing
adolescent are important to address the
various changes that take place in the
growing adolescent.
Practical tips on good and healthy
hygiene must be observed as well as
indications when to seek help, especially
from the healthcare professional.

41. RISKY RISKY BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR
OF ADOLESCENTSOF ADOLESCENTS
LESSON 7

42. ADOLESCENCE
This is the period of transition between childhood and
adulthood. It includes some big changes—to the body,
and to the way a young person relates to the world.
At this stage, as adolescents explore their emerging
identity and independence, the concept of risk taking
has been established as one of their characteristic.

43. Early Adolescence (10-13 years old)
At this stage, they often start to grow more
quickly.These body changes can inspire
curiosity and anxiety in some―especially if
they do not know what to expect or what is
normal.
They are often self-conscious about their
appearance and feel as though they are always
being judged by their peers.
STAGES OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

44. Middle Adolescence (14-17 years old)
Many teens become interested in romantic and
sexual relationships.
They spend more time with friends than with
family.
They want to exercise their freedom and make
decisions for themselves.
They are more able to think abstractly and
consider "the big picture," but they still may lack
the ability to apply it in the moment.
STAGES OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

45. Late Adolescence (18-21 years old)
This phase usually encompasses less physical
development and more cognitive
developments.
They have a stronger sense of identity and
individuality and can identify their own values.
They also experience increased independence
and emotional stability.
STAGES OF ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

46. Guidance of the Family is important as the
adolescent develops into a mature adult.
In the Philippine context:
5% live without the mother
20% live without the father
23% live without both parents
FAMILY GUIDANCE

47. ADOLESCENTS
ENGAGING IN VICES
Of every ten young adult Filipinos, only
three are currently drinking, one is smoking,
and close to none is using illegal drugs.
These are among the key findings of the
Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study
(YAFSS), revealing that substance use
among young people has generally
declined in 2021.
REFERENCE:
University of the Philippines Population Institute
https://www.uppi.upd.edu.ph/news/2022/filipino-youth-are-turning-away-fromvices#:~:text=Of%20every%20ten%20young%20adult,has%20generally%20declined%20in%202021.

48. Sexual risks amongSexual risks among
Filipino adolescentsFilipino adolescents
1 in 3
Adolescents have sexual
experience at a young age,
first sex for boys is 17 years
old while 18 years old for girls
1 in 50
Those who had sex
before age 15
1 in 4
Those who had sex
before age 18
7.1%
Adolescents age
15 – 19 who are
already mothers

49. COMMON DRUGS ABUSED BY
YOUNG PEOPLE AND THEIR EFFECTS
Marijuana
Alcohol
Cigarettte
Cocaine
Heroin
Amphetamine
Ecstasy
Inhalants and Solvent

50. MARIJUANA
This causes increase in heart rate and dilation of blood vessels
in the eyes.
ALCOHOL
Alcohol intoxication can lead to vomiting, becoming
unconscious, or even dying.

51. COCAINE
It can raise body temperature, extreme happiness
and energy, mental alertness, paranoia, and
hypersensitivity to light, sound.
CIGARETTE
The tar in cigarettes increases a risk of lung cancer
and bronchial disorders.
Inhaling smoke increases the risk of respiratory
illness in children.

52. HEROIN
Heroin enters the brain rapidly
and can easily clouded mental
functioning.
The effects include a rush of
good feelings and happiness,
relief from pain, and heavy
feelings in the arms and legs.
AMPHETAMINE
Effects include feelings of happiness and
confidence, increased heart beat and
blood pressure, faster breathing, talking
more, and feeling energetic.

53. ECSTASY
This stimulant drug speeds up brain activity and can cause
hallucinations.
Users think the drug will make them feel good and keep them
going for days without rest.
INHALANTS AND SOLVENT
Chemicals that can be inhaled such as glue, gasoline, lighter fluid, etc.
Inhalants may give the user a “high” feelings of numbness, dizziness,
confusion, and drowsiness.

54. “To deter, prevent, and remedy the harmful
use of drugs, governments should rely on
non-penal regulatory and public health
approaches that do not violate human rights.”
- HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
Our Happy Family Is Gone: Impact of the “War on Drugs” on Children in the Philippines

55. HOW TO PREVENT
DRUG ABUSE
Resist peer pressure
Abstain from drug use
Seek professional help
Live a healthy, balanced lifestyle
Foster strong family relationships
Take time for self-care
Learn healthy coping skills
Obtain education on the dangers of drug abuse
Take only prescribed medication
Practice mindfulness activities
SOURCE:
Zayed, A. & Dhingra, H. ( 2024). 10 ways to prevent drug abuse among teenagers: Causes and solutions for schools and society.
Diamond Rehab. Hua Hin, Thailand.

56. NEED SOMEONE TO TALK TO?
Whatever problem you are facing, there are people available to help you.
HOPELINE
[phone]
IN-TOUCH
[phone]
DIAL-A-FRIEND
[phone]
[phone]
Globe:
0917-5584673
Smart:
0918-8784673
Free Psychological Services Living Free Foundation
[phone]
loc. 4012 (0917) 322-7807
UST Psychotrauma (via appointment)
Room 104, Ground Floor, Thomas Aquinas Research Complex (TARC), University of Santo Tomas, Manila

57. SUMMARY
The World Health Organization defines
adolescence as a period of life with
specific health and developmental needs
and rights.
Adolescence is also a time to develop
knowledge and skills, learn to manage
emotions and relationships, and acquire
attributes and abilities that will be
important for enjoying the adolescent
years and assuming adult roles.

58. Botor, N. J., Laude, T. M., & Peralta, E. P. (2019). Gender
and Society: a Human Ecological Approach
Caplan, P. J., & Caplan, J. (2015). Thinking critically
about research on sex and gender. Psychology Press.
Lips, H. M. (2018). Gender: the basics. Routledge.
Lips, H. M. (2020). Sex and gender: An introduction.
Waveland Press.
Marchbank, J., & Letherby, G. (2014). Introduction to
gender: Social science perspectives. Routledge.
Oakley, A. (2016). Sex, gender and society. Routledge.
Risman, B. J., & Davis, G. (2013). From sex roles to
gender structure. Current Sociology, 61(5-6), 733-755.
REFERENCES

59. MAIN TAKEAWAY
Access to reproductive health care and education
is a fundamental human right, essential
for equality, health, and dignity of all people
especially young people.
- WV FREE (Charleston, West Virginia)
US-based non-profit organization
for reproductive health, rights, and justice

60. STAY SAFE!