Standard Precautions for Infection Control in Hospitals.pptx

Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.

1. Standard Precautions for Infection Control in Hospitals Dr.Anjalatchi Muthukumaran Vice principal Era college of nursing

2. Standard precautions Standard precautions are the basic infection control practices which must be adhered to while caring any patient in hospital. If fully implemented, standard precaution can drastically reduce the risk of infection to healthcare providers and patients. They are minimum level of precaution and may not be sufficient for special situations which requires special precautions. As these precautions should be taken in all kinds of patient care process they are also called as universal precautions.

3. Elements of standards precautions are as follows 1.         Hand hygiene Hand hygiene include hand washing of 40-60 seconds with soap and water OR hand rub of 20-30 seconds using a hand-sanitizer. Hand hygiene must be practiced in all the situations given below, a.       Before and after direct contact with patient and in between patients, whether or not gloves are worn b.       After removal of gloves c.       Before handling an invasive device d.       After touching blood or any other body secretion, even if the gloves are worn e.       While moving from contaminated to clean body part of the same patient f.        After contact with inanimate objects in the vicinity of patients

4. 2.       Use of gloves Gloves must be worn in the following situations a.     While touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, mucous membrane or non-intact skin b.       Before undertaking any invasive procedure on patient c.    If the gloves has come into contact with potentially infectious material, it must be changed before undertaking another procedure, even for same patient d.       Same glove should not be used for handling more than one patient

5.  3.       Use of masks Masks are used for facial protection (eyes, nose and mouth). Surgical or procedure mask should be worn along with goggles or eye visor, while carrying out any activity that may generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions or excretions

6. 4.       Use of Gown Gown must be worn when activities are likely to generate splashes of blood, body fluid, secretion or excretion, which can potentially spoil the dress or affect the skin of the caregiver

7. 5.       Handling of needles and sharps Proper handling of needles and sharps are essential to prevent needle stick / sharp injuries which can transmit infections. Following prevention shall be adhered to a.       Do not re-cap needle. In case re-capping is unavoidable use one hand scoop technique b.       Dispose use needles and sharps in a puncture proof container

8. 6.       Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette Person with cough and cold must cover their nose and mouth with a tissue or masks when coughing / sneezing. The used tissue and masks must be disposed of. Hand hygiene must be done immediately after that Patients with respiratory symptoms must be placed at-least 3 feet away from other patients

9. 7.         Environmental cleaning Routine cleaning and disinfection of patient care areas including toilets must be done regularly. Appropriate cleaning agent must be used for this

10. 8.       Handling of linen Linen must be handled, transported and processed in a manner which a.       Prevents skin and mucous membrane exposure and contamination of clothing b.       Avoid transfer of pathogen to other patients c.       Linen soiled with blood or body fluid should not be mixed with other linen. Such linen must be decontaminated before laundering and re-using

11. 9.       Waste disposal Biomedical waste are infected and should be handled in accordance to Bio-medical waste management and handling rules

12. 10.   Patient care equipment Patient care equipment should be regularly cleaned, decontaminated and sterilized as per the requirement

13. general consent form   General consent  is an umbrella consent taken for conducting those patient care processes which do not pose any significant risk of harm to patient. For example, physical examination, collection of blood sample, Intravenous administration of fluids etc. are less risky processes when compared to surgery, anaesthesia etc. and can be done by taking a general consent from patient. The reason it is called as a general consent is because under one consent, the hospital can do multiple patient care processes that are within the scope of general consent. Even though it is called as general consent, it has to be informed to the patient about the scope its scope, before he/she gives consent.

14. Patient right Ministry of Health and Family Welfare ( MoHFW ) plans to implement 'Charter of Patients Rights'. In this regard a draft document has been developed by National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). The draft has been put up on website (https://mohfw.gov.in/newshighlights/draft-patient-charter-prepared-national-human-rights-commission) on 30th August, 2018 and public opinion has been solicited on the same.