standard signal.pptx

Type of standard signal

1. ANJUMAN COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Subject :- Signal And System STANDARD SIGNAL Created By : Sultan Ali Javed Ali (02) Guided By : Mohsina  Anjum Group 1:- Roll.no.( 1 to 5)

2. Introduction  In time domain analysis the response of a dyna mic sytem to an input is expressed as a function of time. It is possible to compute the time response of a system if the nature of input and the mathematical model of the system ]are known. Usually, the input signals to controls system are not known fully ahead of time. For example, in a radar tracking system , the position and the speed of the target to be tracked may vary in a random fashion.

3. STANDARD TEST SIGNAL The characteristics of actual input signals are a sudden shock, a sudden change, a  constant velocity and constant acceleration. The dynamic behavior of a system is therefore judged and compared under application of standard text signals , an impluse , a step, a constan velocity and constant acceleration. Another standard signal of great importance is a sinusoidal signal.

4. Some Types of Standard Signal :- Unit Step function Signal Unit Ramp function  Signal Unit Parabolic function Signal Unit Impulse function Signal Sinusoidal Signal Exponential Signal

5. The unit step signal which is defined for every instant of time is known as continuous-time unit step signal. The continuous-time unit step signal is denoted by u(t). Mathematically, the continuous-time unit step signal u(t) is defined as follows:      1).   Unit Step function Signal  :- u(t)={ 1  for t≥0         { 0  for t<0  

6. The  continuous-time unit ramp signal  is that function which starts at 𝑡 = 0 and increases linearly with time. It is denoted by r(t).  Mathematically , the continuous-time unit ramp signal is defined as follows :      2).   Unit Ramp function Signal  :- r(t)= { t  for  t≥0          {0  for  t<

7. The continuous-time unit parabolic signal is a unit parabolic signal which is defined for every instant of positive time. It is denoted by p(t). Mathematically , the continuous-time unit parabolic signal is defined as follows :     3).   Unit Parabolic function Signal:- p(t)= {

8. An ideal impulse signal is a signal that is zero everywhere but at the origin (t = 0), it is infinitely high. Although, the area of the impulse is finite. The unit impulse signal is the most widely used standard signal used in the analysis of signals and systems. The continuous-time unit impulse signal is denoted by δ(t) and is defined as:     4).   Unit Impulse Signal  :-

9. A sinusoidal signal which is defined for every instant of time is called  continuous-time sinusoidal signal .        𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) A sinusoidal signal which is defined only at discrete instants of time is called  discrete-time sinusoidal signal       𝑥(n) = 𝐴 sin(𝜔n + 𝜑)      5).  Sinusoidal  Signal  :-

10. A real exponential signal which is defined for every instant of time is called  continuous time real exponential signal . A continuous time real exponential signal is defined as follows:      𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑒 𝛼𝑡 A real exponential signal which is define at discrete instants of time is called  discrete-time real exponential signal  or sequence. A discrete-time real exponential sequence is defined as :          𝑥(n) = 𝐴𝑒 𝛼n      6).  Exponential Signal     :-

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