Standing fundamental position

in this ppt position, muscle work & effects & uses of fundamental standing position is been explained in details.

1. STARTING POSITION DR. MEGHAN A. PHUTANE (PT)

2. Posture follows movement like a shadow; every movement begins in posture & ends in posture. – Sherrington. Starting position – a posture from which movement is initiated which may be active or passive in character. 5 basic starting positions – Standing Kneeling Sitting Lying Hanging

3. All other positions are derived from them. In this positions, equilibrium & stability is maintained by balance of forces acting on body. The muscular force used is isometric. The strength & distribution of this contraction is controlled by a series of reflexes known as postural reflexes.

4. STARTING POSITION STANDING

5. Most difficult fundamental position to maintain, as body must be balanced & stabilized on small base by co-ordinated work of many muscle groups.

6. POSITION Heels Together, in same line, toes slightly apart Knees Together & straight Hips Extended & slightly laterally rotated Pelvis Balanced on femoral heads Spine Stretched to maximum length Vertex Thrust upwards, ears leveled & eyes look straight forward Shoulders Down & back Arm Hang loosely to sides Palm Facing inwards towards body

7. MUSCLE WORK Muscle work required to maintain the position varies with circumstances. ↓ when body segment is in good alignment & perfectly balanced; ↑ by faulty alignment or by external forces that disturbs equilibrium. To hold the position, antigravity muscles of trunk & lower limb work isometrically.

8. Intrinsic muscles of feet Stabilizes feet Prevents toe curling Plantarflexors Balances lower leg on foot Dorsiflexors Counterbalances action of plantarflexors Support medial longitudinal arch of foot Evertors Counterbalances action of invertors Presses ball of great toe on ground Knee extensors Works slightly Hip extensors Maintains hip extension Balances pelvis on femoral heads Hip lateral rotators (slight action ) Bracing of legs & foot arches

9. Spine extensors Keeps the trunk upright Lumbar flexors (abdominal) Prevents over action of lumbar extensors Maintain correct angle of pelvic tilt Supports abdominal viscera Pre-vertebral neck muscles Controls extensive neck extension Straightens cervical spine Flexors/extensors of atlanto -occipital joint Works reciprocally to balance head Elevators of mandible Closes the mouth Scapular retractors Draws the scapulae backward ( glenoid cavity faces laterally) Arms Relaxed

10. EFFECTS & USES Relatively small base High COG State of equilibrium – less stable (than other fundamental positions) So suitable for exercise for those who can maintain it correctly. Attaining & holding standing posture – reduces fatigue & conditions postural reflexes. Position of alertness Thorax is free & abdominal viscera is well supported. Associated with feeling of joy & efficiency.

11. DERIVED POSITIONS

12. The position of arms, legs or trunk is altered in fundamental position to modify effect of position or to start exercises. Purpose :- To increase or decrease size & stability of the base To raise or lower COG To ensure maximum local or general relaxation To control or fix the particular part of body to have localized movement To increase or decrease muscle work To increase or decrease leverage To provide convenient position to start exercise

13. BY ALTERATION OF THE ARMS

14. Wing standing

15. Low wing standing

16. Bend standing

17. Reach standing

18. Yard standing

19. Stretch standing

20. BY ALTERATION OF THE LEGS

21. Close standing

22. Toe standing

23. Stride standing

24. Walk standing

25. Half standing

26. Thank you