STAPHYLOCOCCUS,Introduction, history, morphology

Medical Bacteriology

1. DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN SANKAGIRI SUBJECT:MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY TOPIC:STAPHYLOCOCCUS SUBJECT INCHARGE: SUBMITTED BY: Dr.R.MYTHILI , USHA DEVI ARUMUGAM, HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, III B.SC., Microbiology, assistant professor, Department of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Sankagiri , Sankagiri ,

2. Staphylococcus

3. SYNOPSIS INTROUCTION HISTORY MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS CHARACTERISTIC AND FEATURES DISEASES LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT PREVENTION REFERENCE

4. INTRODUTION Staphylococcus FAMILY : Micrococceae (consists of Gram positive coci ) Genus : Staphylococcus (Greek- Staphyle – Bunch of grapies ) Coccus – Berry Staphylococcus are Gram positive coci , arranged in Tetrads and Cluster . 0.5-1.5 um in diameter

5. HISTORY ROBERT KOCH- (1878)-First to see Staphylococci in Pus specimen. LOUIS PASTER- (1880)-First to cultivation in liquid medium. SIR ALEXANDER ONGSTON(1881)- Named the bacteria as Staphylococcus.

6. MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS Gram- positive cocci Non-motile Non –spore-former Indole - negative Methyle -red positive VP- negative Urease - positive Nitrate- Positive Gelatin-Hydrolysis- positive Phosphatase - positive Coagulase - positive Fermentation of glucose- positive Mannitol - positive

7. CHARACTERISTIC AND FEATURES Few strain produce microcapsule or slime Optimum PH for growth is 7-7.5 Optimum temperature is 30-37℃ S.epidermidis produces white colonies on nutrient agar and non-Beta- haemolytic colony on blood agar.S. aureus utilizes potassium tellurite and converts it into telluramine . It is a black- coloured compound.

8. STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION AFFECTS THE BODY

9. Staphylococcal Diseases Staphylococcal infections are among the most common of bacterial infections and range from the trivial to the fatal. Staphylococcal infection are characterized by localized pyogenic lesions. Skin Folliculitis Furuncle abscess (Breast abscess) wound infection impetigo cellulitis carbunck Musculoskeletal Osteomyelitis Arthritis

10. Bursitis pyomyositis Respiratory tract infection Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Sinusitis otitis – affect ear Broncho pnenumonia Lung abscess Empyema

11. CNS –Central Nerves System Abscess Meningitis Thrombophlebitis Endo vascular infections Bacteremia Septicemia Pyemia Endocarditis

12. Urinary tract infection : Urinary isolates of staphylococci are to be considered signification even with low colony counts, as they may be related to bacteremia .

13. DISEASES FOLLICULITIS- A SMALL RED BUMB DEVELOPS AT HAIR FOLLICLE,HAIR CAN BE PULLED FROM ITS FOLLICLE

14. FURUNCLE-infection in follicle spreads to adjacent tissues causing localized redness,swelling

15. CARBUNCLE-a large area of redness,swelling and pain CELLULITIS-infection in subcutaneous tissue with inflammation

16. STYE-infection in eyelid

17. OTHER INFECTIONS Sinusitis Pneumonia Impetigo Bacteraemia Endocarditis Osteomyelitis Scalded skin syndrome(SSS) Toxic shock syndrome(TSS) Cystitis Diarrhoea

18. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Specimens: Pus blood Sputum Urine Skin swab Microscopy Gram staining –appeared as gram positive cocci .

19. Culture Aerobes and facultative anaerobes Opt. Temp. for growth=37 ℃ Opt. PH for growth=7.5 On Nutrient ager Golden yellow and opaque colonies with smooth glistening surface,1-2 mm in diameter (max. pigment production@22 ℃). On Blood agar, Golden yellow colonies, surrounded by a clear zone of hemolysis (beta- hemolysis ) ,esp. when incubated in sheep or rabbit blood agar in atmosphere of 20%CO2.

20. On MacConkey agae , - Smaller colonies than those on NA(0.1-0.5 mm) and are pink coloured due to lactose fermentation On Mannitol salt agar, - S.aureus ferments mannitol and appear as yellow colonies -MSA is a useful selective medium for recovering S.aureus from faecal specimens,when investigating food poisoning

21. Biochemical test S. aureus –Co- aggultination test coagulase - cloting Tube slide Free coagulase Bound coagulase Enzyme detection it is clumping factor Catalase +VE *** Urea hydrolysis +VE

22. GRAM POSITIVE Cocci + Bacili _ Catalase + _ Staphylococcus Streptococcus Coagulase Staph aureus (+) S.epidermidis (_)

23. TREATMENT For Cutaneous infection,cloxacillin and Dicloxacillin are highly effective,erythromycin may also be used For serious systemic staphylococcus infections,parenteral administration of nafcillin or oxacillin is recommended.vancomycin or cephalosporins are suitable for allergic patients

24. PREVENTION Wash your hands Keep wounds covered Reduce tampon risks Avoid sharing personal care items Cooking and storing food properly

25. REFERENCE MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY S.RAJAN

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