Stem cells & its application

different types of stem cells and its application in which property , types , classifications are included and from the various application here i have added few of them which have latest concern. stem cell technology may play important role in future.

1. S tem cells & their Application MITAL CHANDEGARA BIOTECHNOLOGY (III) 15

2. Embryonic stem cells Present in early stages of embryonic development Pluripotent Growing in cell culture is relatively easy Present in blastocyst which gives rise to the 3 germ layers.

3. Adult stem cells Also known as somatic stem cells Multipotent Present in differentiated tissues & organs of adults & children. Tissues are thought to contain ASCs are : skin, bone marrow, brain, blood vessels, liver, skeletal muscles. Use of ASCs in research and therapy is not as controversial as ESCs because it does not require the destruction of an embryo.

4. HSCs

5. MSCs

6. APPLICATIONS:- In wound healing In drug delivery In 3D bioprinting To cure macular degeneration To treat diabetes

7. In wound healing Patients with various wound type: burns, traumatic injuries & diabetes foot where delayed healing is scaring reality. BM MSCs =chronic wounds ASCs = burns & diabetic foot Mechanical stress in wound bed (pressure &shear) may induce release of various cytokines & chemokines which recruit peripheral MSCs to wound site. Culturing SCs on nanofibers. ( mimic the native ECM & help in adhesion, proliferation and differentiation) Then it transdifferentiate into endothelial cell. (CCR7- SLC/ CCL21)

8. MSC posses receptor like CCR7,CCR10, CXCR6. BM MSCs can be source of structural components of skin: type VII collagen & XVII collagen. (imp supporting molecules)

9. Chronic wound Diabetic foot

10. Drug delivery Subsequent studies indicate that MSCs secrete EV (extracellular vesicle) including microvesicles and exosomes. Administration of MSC derived exosomes yielded beneficial effects in variety of animal model which have liver diseases. Ad. of exosome over MSC :- smaller & less complex Active drugs deliver through exosome eg. Exosome from BM MSC overexpressing miR146b or miR134 can significantly reduce growth of glioma xenograft in Fischer rat model in vitro through delivery of these antitumor miRNAs into target tissue.

11. EXOSOME

12. 3D bioprinting 3D bioprinting enables the generation of precisely controlled 3D cell models and tissue constructs. Bioinks = living cells+ biomaterial (mimic ECM environment). Supporting cell adhesion, proliferation & differentiation after printing. Biomaterial = collagen, gelatin methacrylol (GelMA), PEG, alginate etc .

13. 3D bioprinter

14. To cure Macular Degeneration “ Age related Macular Degeneration “ (AMD) ESCs & iPSC Retinal pigment endothelial cells (RPE) RPE cell layer lining back of eye, it nourished and support other cells (PR) which use to see colors and images in central field of vision. Surgery: patch is rolled into thin tube & then injected into eye.

15. To treat diabetes Diabetes mellitus is disorder produced by insufficient insulin production in body or cell’s improper response to produced insulin. ESC Endoderm pancreas progenitor proliferation segregation EGF signalling 1)endocrine islets 2)exocrine After differentiation of SCs they are transplanted to the pancreas through I.V. injections & surgical implantation

16. Essential of biotechnology : R. C. Sobti Guohua Lou, Zhi Chen, Yanning Liu. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosome as a new therapeutic strategy for liver diseases . Experimental & molecular medicine 2017 D. Sundaramurthi, S. Sethuraman. Electrospun Nanofibers as Scaffolds for skin tissue engineering. Polimer reviews 2014 K. Venkateswarlu . Review on Stem cell therapy for Diabetes 3D Bioprinting : Bioink selection guide References

17. Thank you