Steps in Curriculum Development NR

The 4 steps of curriculum development explained in detail

1. Steps in Curriculum Development Nirmala Roberts India

2. 4 Steps in Curriculum Development - Ralph Tyler Formation of educational objectives Selection of learning experiences Organization of leaning experiences Evaluation of the curriculum

3. 1. Formation of Educational Objectives

4. Educational Objectives Statements of those desired changes in behaviour as a result of specific teaching learning activities

5. Factors to be considered…. Philosophical statement of the institute Health needs of society and resources available Needs of the students Entry criteria or level of students Preparation for positions on completion of program Future trends in the profession Preparation for international placements

6. Steps in formulation of educational objectives Identify the needs of society Study the suggestions of experts Formulate the philosophy State the objectives – Gathered from various sources Clearly in terms of content In terms of behavioural outcomes/ changes. Screen the objectives through educational philosophy & educational psychology Formulate a theory of learning Determine the methods of teaching, principles of teaching, methods of learning etc.

7. 2. Selection of Learning Experiences

8. Learning Experiences Deliberately planned experiences in selected situations where students actively participate, interact and which result in desirable changes of behaviour in the students.

9. Characteristics of good learning experiences Allow student learning by doing Create motivation and interest among students. Be challenging to the students Satisfy the needs of the time Bring out multiple outcomes in students Help students to acquire needed knowledge, skill and attitude Help in gathering information Help in attaining the educational objectives

10. Criteria for Selection of Learning Experiences… Significance and consistence - with philosophy of the institute Self sufficiency - Lead to attainment of objectives of program Validity and utility - Give opportunity to practice the implied behaviour Learnability and feasibility - Adapted to needs of students; varied and flexible

11. …Criteria for Selection of Learning Experiences Provide opportunity for the development of – Independent thinking and decision making Sound judgment, intellectual resourcefulness Self discipline and sound integrity of purpose Arranged to provide - Continuity, correlation and integration of theory and be proactive Planned and evaluated co-operatively by teacher & students Appropriate emphasis according to relative importance of various learning experiences and contents.

12. 3. Organizing Learning experiences

13. Organizing!!

14. Problem based learning Self directed learning Peer teaching Reflective learning Simulation based learning Evidence based learning Project based learning Lecture Seminars Symposia Panel discussions Group discussions Role play learning Interdisciplinary learning

15. 3. Organizing Learning experiences Consider - Continuity - Achieved through building each experiences one after another Sequence – Building learning experience one over another deeply and broadly Balance – Fair distribution of content Integration - Relating the learning experiences in a way to get a unified view of experiences

16. Elements to be considered while organizing learning experiences Grouping under subject headings Preparation of master plan for curriculum Placement of learning experiences in the total curriculum Preparation of correlation chart Organization of clinical experience Teaching practice systems

17. Lecture Self directed learning Reflective learning Simulation based learning Group discussions Role play learning Seminars Symposia Peer teaching Problem based learning Evidence based learning Project based learning Panel discussions Interdisciplinary learning

18. 4. Evaluation of the Curriculum

19. Curriculum evaluation involves.. Assessment of the philosophy of the institution Program goals of the institution Course objectives Content taught in each course Teaching learning methods Course evaluation methods, and The relationship of extracurricular activities to the overall plan study.

20. 5 M’s of Curriculum evaluation Men – Proper organization and implementation of curriculum by faculty members and other personnel involved Money – Appropriate utilization of money for curriculum development Materials - Evaluation of text books, literature etc., used for the development and implementation of curriculum Methods – Application of appropriate methods of teaching learning methods Minutes - Adequate time given for theory and practical in each course

21. Questions…… What are the steps in curriculum development? Meaning of educational objectives? Meaning of learning experiences? Meaning of educational objectives? Meaning of educational objectives? Factors to be considered when forming educational objectives Steps in formation of educational objectives Characteristics of good learning experiences? Criteria for selection of learning experiences? Rules for organizing learning experiences? Elements to be considered when organizing learning experiences? Effective and efficient organization of leaning experiences What is evaluation of curriculum ? What is evaluated in curriculum evaluation?