STERILISATION & DISINFECTION presentation.ppt

Sterilization and disinfection

1. STERILISATION &
DISINFECTION
DR.MRIDUL MEHROTRA
PROFESSOR & HEAD
DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY &
MICROBIOLOGY SPIDMS Lko
NIVARAN PATHOLOGY &
DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE Lko

2. As media has made our population so
conscious that all us know about dangerous
infections prevailing in our society
Question arises in every lab staff that HOW
we must protect ourselves from INFECTIONS
WHICH INFECTIONS [NOSOCOMIAL ]
FEAR

3. LABORATORY STAFF AT RISK
An infectionis the
detrimental colonizationof a
host organism by a foreign species
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Staphylococcus aureus : MRSA
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Streptococcus haemolyticus
E.coli,Klebsiella sp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Clostridium tetani,Clostridium welchii

17. VIRAL INFECTIONS
HIV [ SHIV ]
HBV
HCV
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Candida albicans
Actinomycetes spp

19. HBV
[ DANES PARTICLE ]

20. CONTROL OF INFECTIONS
STERILIZATION DISINFECTION
Physical Process Chemical process
Heat Filtration Radiation
Dry Moist
[Oxidation of living proteins ] [ Coagulation of proteins ]
Red Heat : Forceps,Needles ,Scalpels
Flamming : Mouth of culture tube,Glass slides,scalpels
Hot air oven:All glass wares,Throat swab stick,powder drugs
Radiation :Ultraviolet,Gamma radiation
Incineration :Soiled dressings,animal carcasses,pathologicals

21. Moist Heat
1.Boiling: [ Adequate 20min ] Obsolete
All Vegetative forms
Not spores & thermostable viruses HBV
Instruments gets blunt
2.STEAMING: [ AUTOCLAVE ] Best Method
[ W.H.O. 121
o
C X 8 lb X 20 min ]:All Vegetative , Spores,
Thermostable viruses
All Metallic & Thermostable surgical instruments
Patient linen ,Aprons,Gloves,Masks,HIV/HBV +

22. Moist Heat
3.Tyndallisation: Steaming at 100 deg C X 3days
All Vegetative forms [ 2Days ]
Spores [ 3
rd
Day ]
Egg & Serum media [Arnold steam steriliser ]
4.Pasteurisation :
[A] Holder Vat method:63 Deg C X 30 min
[B] Flash method: 72 Deg C X 20 sec THEN Rapid
cooling to 13 Deg C or Low
All Nonsporing pathogens viz Mtb,Brucella &
Salmonella Except : Coxiella
5. Inspissation :
[ Steaming at 80 Deg C ]
LJ Media , Loefflers serum slope
Instrument : Inspissator

23. Moist Heat
TEMPERATURE
Below 100 deg C
Pasteurisation
Inspissation
Vaccine bath
[ 60 deg C X 30 min]
TEMPERATURE at
100 deg C
Boiling
Tyndallisation
Temperature Above
100 deg C
Autoclave

24. FILTERATION
1.CANDLE JAR FILTERS :
Berkefeld,Porcelain
2.ASBESTOS FILTERS :Magnesium silicate
[SEITZ FILTER]
3.Sintered glass filters :Finely powdered glass
particles in different pore sizes
4.Membrane Filters : Made of cellulose esters
For water analysis
For sterility
For opthalmic soln
5.AIR FILTERS :HEPA[high efficiency particlular
air] Removing particles >0.3um

25. DISINFECTION
Agents Properties Dilution
1. Alcohol Denatures protein 70 %
2.Iodine compds Inactivates protein 2.0%
3.Chlorine compds Oxidation of Enzyme 5.0%
4.Silver Nitrate Denatures protein 1.0 %
5.Quarternary Amm Damages Cell membr1.0%
6.Glutaraldehyde Denatures Protein 2.0 %
7.Savlon[Chlorhexidine & Cetrimide ] 2.0 %
8.Dettol [Choloroxylenol ] 4.0
9.Betadine 2.0%

26. ETHYLENE OXIDE
Ethylene oxide boiling point = 10.7 deg C
Acts by alkylating ,amino,carboxyl &hydroxyl
groups in protein molecule ,also breaks DNA
RNA
Highly inflammable so mixed with CO2 to
eliminate explosive property
All disposable syringes
Heart lung machines & respirators
Bacillus globigi: Biological indicator for EO
sterilisers

27. ANTI-HIV COMPOUNDS
1. Sodium Hypochlorite 10 % [ 0.5 % Available chlorine ]
2. Ethanol 70.0 %
3. Isopropyl Alcohol 70.0 %
4. Formaldehyde 4.0 %
5. Glutaraldehyde 2.0 %
6. Hydrogenperoxide 6.0 %
7.Povidone Iodine 2.5 %

28. 1. Predex CD 90
Concentrate For All surgical instruments and
thermo sensitive equipment.Bactericide -
Fungicide -Tuberculocide -Virus inactivating
(HBV/HIV)
2. Predex AD 20 Ready-to-use Allsurgical
instruments + thermo sensitive materials +
Endoscopes.Contains 2.2% Glutaraldehyde.
Bactericide -Fungicide -Tuberculocide -Virus
inactivating (HBV/HIV).
3. Predex C 180:SAME + Neutral Hands& skin.
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
DISINFECTANTS

29. A.STERILIUM :
PROPANOLOL MACETRONIUM ETHYL SULPHATE
MUST WEAR GLOVES
PUNCTURED [ 18 -82 % ] WHO
BENEATH GLOVES
HBV,HIV,HERPES,ROTAMRSA,MTB,MDR,
FUNGI [ DERMATOPHYTES ,CANDIDA ETC]
3 m.l. ON HANDS X 30 sec.
RESIDUAL EFFECT
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
DISINFECTANTS

30. B.KORSOLEX
GLUTARALDEHYDE DIHYDROXY DIOXAHEXANE
+ POLYMETHYLUREA
FOR HEAT SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS MADE
OF
RUBBER ,[ ENDOSCOPES ]GLASS PIPPETTES &
CERAMICS
GLUTARALDEHYDE[ANTI HIV] 2 % 1 % in 14
days
5 % X 1 HOUR [ LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS ]
10% X 15 MIN
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
DISINFECTANTS

31. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
DHOOPSTICK TEST DR.S.PADMASHREE HOD AIIMS
CARBOLISATION OF ROOM : 10 % SODIUM
HYPOCHLORITE IN 750 ML WATER
FUMIGATION
CLEAN ROOM
FORMALIN: 500 m.l. 40 % FORMALDEHYDE +
1000 ML water for 1000 cubicfeet of space
PUT IN FUMIGATORS / PUT ON FLOOR X 10
HOURS
OPERATION THEATRES
LABS

32. A. BACILLOID SPRAY:
BENZAKONIUM CHLORIDE GLUTATALDEHYDE +
DIHYDROXY DIOXAHEXANE
ELECTRONIC ITEMS
KILLS ALL SILENT TRANSMITTERS
HIV,HBV,CANDIDA,MTB,TETANUS,PSEUDOMONAS
2 % WEEKLY
1 % ALTERNATE DAYS
COMMERCIALLY SPRAYS
AS DISINFECTANTS

33. A.CUTASEPT :[ BODE GERMANY ]
ISOPROPANOL + BENZAKONIUM CHLORIDE
+ PROPYLENE GLYCOL
HIV,HBV,ROTA
RESIDUAL EFFECT [ IN CREASES ]
NO ALKALI [ REMOVES ACID MANTLE OF SKIN ]
MAINTAINS pH 5.5
PLEASANT ODOUR
NO S/E : DERMATITIS ,ECZEMA,
DYSPNOEA,DNA INJURY [Ca] : CHLORHEXIDINE
HANDS

34. USE DISPOSABLE ITEMS
Pair of gloves [ SEPARATE FOR
SEPARATE PATIENTS ]
Disposable needle
Disposable injection cartridge
Saliva suction tube
Disposable glass for rinsing of mouth
A sheet of paper that we put on the patient

35. •DON’T PUT LAB
WARES IN/ON YOUR
CLOSED SYSTEM
•ALWAYS ASK TO
WITHDRAW
INTRAVENOUS
BLOOD

36. CARE OF PLASTIC INSTRUMENTS
Plastic instruments are dipped in a special
chemical for thirty minutes . This chemical has
the antibacterial and the anti viral properties .
These instruments are then taken out and dried
and packed in the individual pouches.

37. Glass bead sterilizer:For
drills are mostly disposables
but there is a special
machine called the glass
bead sterilizer that is used for
some sort of drills.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS
Autoclave
Kavoclave

38. PROCEDURE ON HIV PATIENTS
Wearing Double gloves
Leukoplast on finger tips
Apron,masks
Operating Goggles
Dipping Instruments in 10 % sodium hypochlorite
then autoclaving GOVT NORMS
Vulnerable population : HIV + , Migrants from
Mumbai , Truck drivers& Nepalese servants
On HBV : Vaccination + BOOSTER 5 years

39. INSTUMENTS FOR
STERILIZATION
FUMIGATION
OF LABS
FLOOR WIPING WITH
DISINFECTANTS IN
CREASES
All
DISINFECTANTS
SPECIAL
PREACAUTION
for
HIV/HBV/HCV
VACCINATION
SEPARATE INSTRUMENTS &
GLOVES FOR SEPARATE
PATIENTS

40. DR.MRIDUL MEHROTRA
PROFESSOR & HEAD DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY SPIDMS Lko
NIVARAN PATHOLOGY & DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE
Lko