Sterilization of surgical instruments

Lecture notes for diploma students (Animal Science)

1. འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ། རང་འབྱུང་འཐོན་བསྐྱེད་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག། ལོད་སྦུད་ས། དྲོག་ཏྲར་་་འཇིགས་འབྲེལ་རྡོ་རྗེ། རང་འབྱུང་འཐོན་བསྐྱེད་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག། ལོད་སྦུད་ས། Sterilization of surgical Instruments

2. Born:  5-Apr - 1827 Died:  10-Feb - 1912 Pioneer of antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister First surgeon to use antiseptics (1883 and 1897) He used phenol to disinfect surgical instruments

3. Sterilization & Disinfections What is sterilization? the process of destroying of microorganism by using physical means like heat and light . What is disinfections? the process of destroying the microorganism by using chemicals e.g. Phenol.

4. In surgery, sterilization means making the surgical instruments free of microorganism. Physical Methods Heat Light Moist Heat Dry Heat Eg . UV Rays Boiling Boiling under pressure Eg . Flaming

5. Boiling : The instruments are boiled at 100C, in a clean container/ sterilizer at least for one hour so the germs are totally destroyed. Autoclaving : Autoclave is a modified pressure cooker constructed for sterilization of surgical instruments. 121 degree Celsius for 30 mins @ 15psi

6. Boiling under pressure : The instruments are boiled under pressure so the heat penetration is increased and the germs get destroyed very fast Dry heat: Flaming: The instrument is sterilized by showing over the flame for a few minutes. (Emergency) Hot air oven: Here a special oven is made use of where there is facility for circulating the hot air over the instruments to be sterilized.

7. Chemical Method Of Sterilization: Phenol: Is other wise called carbolic acid and it is one of the first chemicals to be used for disinfections in the history of surgery. Joseph Lister was the first man to use it. Savlon / Aceptik : It is commercially produced disinfectant containing the following chemicals viz. chlorhexidine and cetrimide . It has to be diluted before use.

8. Potassium permanganate: This chemical is available as crystalline salt, which can be added to the water and the instruments can be soaked in it. Spirit: Methylated alcohol is supplied for the disinfections of the injection sites.

9. Tr. Iodine: Is disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for the disinfections of operation site.