sterlization types autoclave fumigation M4 U3.pptx

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1. 1. Sterilization of Metal Instruments Method: Moist Heat (Autoclaving) Principle: Steam under pressure kills microbes and spores. Standard Cycle: Temperature: 121°C Pressure: 15 psi Time: 15–30 minutes Applications: Scissors, forceps, clamps, retractors, scalpels Preparation: Clean → Dry → Pack in autoclave sheet → Label → Load

2. 2. Instruments Sterilized by Boiling Method: Boiling in water at 100°C for 10–20 minutes Used For: Syringes (glass), rubber catheters, metallic instruments (for emergency use only) Limitations: Does not kill spores Only for temporary or emergency sterilization

3. 3. Sterilization of Rubber & Plastic Instruments Method: Ethylene Oxide ( EtO ) Gas Sterilization Principle: Alkylation of nucleic acids and proteins Conditions: Temperature: 37–55°C Humidity: 40–80% Time: 6–12 hours Examples: Catheters, suction tubing, plastic syringes, endotracheal tubes

4. 4. Chemical Sterilization (Cold Sterilization) Agents: 2% Glutaraldehyde ( Cidex ) – 10 hours for complete sterilization 6% Hydrogen Peroxide 0.2% Peracetic acid Uses: For endoscopes , laparoscopes , and delicate fiber -optic instruments

5. 5. Sterilization of Endoscopic Instruments : Instruments: Laparoscope, cystoscope, bronchoscope, etc. Method: Chemical sterilization with 2% glutaraldehyde Hydrogen peroxide plasma for modern systems. Note: Rinse thoroughly with sterile water before use

6. Steps in Handling Before Sterilization 1. Pre-cleaning: Remove blood, debris, and organic matter immediately after use. Use enzymatic detergent or mild soap and soft brush. 2. Rinsing: Use distilled or demineralized water to avoid stains and corrosion. 3. Drying: Dry completely before packing to prevent rusting and steam dilution. 4. Inspection: Check for rust, loose joints, and proper function. 5 . Packing of Instruments Purpose: To maintain sterility until use. Rules : Keep hinged instruments open . Arrange instruments loosely for steam penetration. Use indicator tape on each pack.

7. 6. Loading of Autoclave : Place packs in autoclave without overcrowding . Ensure free circulation of steam around all packs. Do not let packs touch the chamber walls. Use perforated trays or racks. Sharp instruments should be kept separately to avoid dulling. 7.Post-Sterilization Handling Allow instruments to cool completely before handling. Do not open the autoclave immediately after cycle completion. Handle with sterile gloves . Inspect chemical indicators for color change. Label packs with date and batch number .

8. 8. Precautions During Handling : Never overload trays or autoclave chamber. Avoid using saline or harsh chemicals for cleaning. Separate sharp and delicate instruments. Do not touch sterile surfaces with bare hands. Ensure regular maintenance and calibration of autoclave.