Storing Data Information Software Technology

Storing Data

1. 09IST
J. Kinchant
2013
STORING DATA

2. The main reasons for storing data are:
To allow the data to be processed at a
later time
To enable the data to be transferred to
other systems
To provides a copy of the data to be
removed for safe storage
STORING DATA

3. Unit Value Size
bit(b) 0 or 1 1/8 of a byte
byte(B) 8 bits 1 byte
kilobyte(KB) 1000
1
bytes1,000 bytes
megabyte(MB) 1000
2
bytes1,000,000 bytes
gigabyte(GB) 1000
3
bytes1,000,000,000 bytes
terabyte(TB) 1000
4
bytes1,000,000,000,000 bytes
petabyte(PB) 1000
5
bytes1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
exabyte(EB) 1000
6
bytes1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
zettabyte(ZB) 1000
7
bytes1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
yottabyte(YB) 1000
8
bytes1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
UNITS OF DATA STORAGE

4. Primary memory is data storage that is
addressed directly by the CPU
There are three types of primary storage:
RAM, ROM and cache memory
PRIMARY STORAGE

5. Random Access Memory (RAM) stores
the operating system, application
software and data for processing.
RAM storage is volatile.
RAM is measured in Megabytes or
Gigabytes.
RAM

6. Read Only Memory (ROM) is a special
form of non-volatile electronic storage
that contains frequently used
instructions for the CPU.
These commands are hard-wired into the
chip by the manufacturer so they can be
READ but not changed.
These instructions perform essential
system checks
ROM

7. High speed electronic storage
Improves processor performance
CACHE STORAGE

8. Media that holds data and instructions
outside the system unit for long periods
of time.
Secondary storage is non-volatile,
expandable and portable.
The five main uses of secondary storage
are saving, backup, distribution,
transport and archiving.
SECONDARY STORAGE

9. Paper tape, punched cards, and
magnetic tape were early forms of
secondary storage.
Modern forms of secondary storage
include external hard discs, optical discs,
flash drives and portable music players.
EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY STORAGE

10. Non-volatile storageis computer memory
that can retain stored information even
when not powered.
NON-VOLATILE DATA STORAGE

11. read-only memory,
flash memory,
magnetic computer storage devices (e.g.
hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic
tape)
optical discs (e.g. CD and DVD)
early computer storage methods such as
paper tape and punched cards.
EXAMPLES OF NON-VOLATILE STORAGE

12. Volatile storage is computer memory that
requires power to maintain the stored
information.
Volatile memory retains the information as
long as power supply is on, but when power
supply is off or interrupted the stored memory
is lost.
The most widely used form of primary storage
today is a volatile form of random access
memory (RAM)
VOLATILE DATA STORAGE

13. The ability to obtain data from a storage
device by going directly to where it is
physically located on the device rather
than by having to sequentially look for
the data at one physical location after
another.
Examples of direct access devices
include CDs, DVDs, Flash storage devices
and hard drives.
RANDOM/DIRECT ACCESS

14. A data location is found by starting at the
beginning of the data storage area and
seeking through every successive
location until the data is found.
Tape storage is an example of a
sequential access device.
SEQUENTIAL ACCESS

15. The total amount of
stored information
that a storage device
or medium can hold.
It is expressed as a
quantity
ofbitsorbytes.
DeviceTypical Capacity
Floppy Disk320KB/512KB
CD 650 MB
DVD 17GB
Flash DriveUp to 1TB
Hard DriveGB & TB
STORAGE CAPACITY

16. Magnetic storage devices such as tapes
and discs use a thin coating of magnetic
material on a plastic, metal or glass
surface.
Digital data are stored in the coating as
small magnetic fields.
MAGNETIC STORAGE

17. HOW MAGNETIC STORAGE WORKS

18. Optical disk is a disk written and read by laser
beam.
To write data, a laser beam burns tiny cavities
into the surface of a disk to mark bits for
data.
To read the data, a laser beam scans these
areas.
OPTICAL STORAGE

19. HOW OPTICAL STORAGE WORKS

20. The flash memory chip is a solid-state
chip that maintains stored data without
any external power source.
Flash memory devices provide non-
volatile, high capacity random access.
The flash drive has no moving parts and
information stored on the NAND flash
memory chip remains semi-permanently
(until you delete/edit the file).
FLASH MEMORY

21. 1.U S B C o n nector: U S B ( U n i versal S er ia l B u s ) a c t s
a s a n i n t erf ac e b et ween t h e N AN D f l a s h
m em o r y c h i p a n d t h e c o m p uter t h e f l a s h d r ive
i s p l ug ged i n t o .
2.U S B m a s s s t ora ge c o n trol ler ( o r t h e c o ntro ller
c h i p)
3.T e s t p o ints: Th es e a r e el ec trica l p i n s t h a t
s er ve o n l y a s el ec tri cal c o n t act p o i nts. Th ey
a r e p r i ma rily u s ed t o el ec tri cal ly s t i mul ate a n d
ex er cise t h e f l a s h d r i ve d uri ng t h e a s s embl y
p r o cess –s er vi ng a s a m ea n s o f i d entif yi ng a n y
d ef ects o n t h e b o a rd.
4.N AND f l a s h m e m ory c h i p
5.C r ysta l O s c il lator: I t i s a p i ece o f q u a rtz c rystal
d es ig ned t o v i b rate a t a v er y p a r ticular
f r eq uen cy. I t i s u s ed a s a d i g i tal “ c l o ck”.
6.L E D i n di cator l i g ht: U s ed t o i n d i cate i f t h e
f l a s h d r ive i s w o r k in g a n d f u n ctio ni ng
7.W r i te-pro tect s w i tch: An o p ti on al c o m p on ent
u s ed t o s a f eg uard t h e i n f o r m atio n s a v ed o n t h e
f l a s h d r ive.
8.S p a ce t o p u t a s ec ond N AND f l a sh m e m ory
c h i p: An a d diti on al s l o t f o r m a n u fa cturers t o
p u t a n o t h er m em o r y c h i p w h i c h c a n i n c r ease
t h e s t o rag e c a p ac ity
INSIDE A FLASH MEMORY DRIVE

22. The web is becoming a major data
storage medium
Portable flash memory is widely used
and will continue to increase in capacity
and usefulness
Spinning hard disk mechanical drives
will be replaced completely by solid state
drives
FUTURE STORAGE