Strength

A-Level Exercise Physiology

1. Strength Thursday 5th May 9am – 11am

2. Today’s lesson Aim: To know and understand strength Objectives To list and describe the different types of strength To discuss and complete ways to test and train for strength To explain the factors that affect strength and training

3. What are the different types of strength? M---m-l St-e---h Maximal strength: maximum force produced in a single muscular contraction E --lo---e Strength Explosive strength: or power, a combination of speed and strength Strength E-------- Strength Endurance: the ability to sustain a number of muscular contractions over a period of time

4. Two more dimensions There are a further two dimensions to categorise strength Static strength Dynamic strength What might these two types of strength describe? Static … force exerted against a resistance but no movement Dynamic … force exerted causing change in body position Can you think of an example of each??

5. Examples of strength Static … handstand Dynamic … backflip

6. Get scribbling on your whiteboard Question: What factors might affect strength?

7. Your genetic muscle fibre type dictates your strength potential and the percentage you have within your muscles. Why? Discuss Also the cross-sectional area of the muscle determines its strength output . What is it called when the x-sectional area increases in size? Factors affecting strength

8. What else makes us strong? Age optimum age for strength is in our … … twenties Gender there is no difference in pure muscle tissue between females and males So why are males stronger? higher testosterone levels

9. Energy systems The predominant energy system being used will depend on the type of strength being utilised TASK (5 minutes) Can you think of examples from sport? Discuss this point together

10. Energy systems Type of strength Energy system used Fuel used Maximum Strength Elastic Strength Strength Endurance

11. Match the Adaptations Energy stores and enzyme activity become thicker and stronger. Muscle fibres increase; glycogen, ATP and PC stores that supplies all power and speed activites Hypertrophy Increased tolerance to lactic acid means athlete can work harder for longer Enhanced buffering and delayed OBLA myofibrils become thicker due to increased protein synthesis in type 2 fibres Bones, ligaments and tendons may split (hyperplasia) and form new cells, however studies are inconclusive.

12. Resistance training increases total number of motor units recruited and improved synchronisation. Neural Adaptations

13. Get your whiteboards ready Question: What have you remembered from today!

14. The body’s ability to apply a force What is the above sentence describing ? … the maximum force that can be developed in a muscle or group of muscles during a single maximal contraction

15. Maximum strength Which example would you choose for maximum strength? A B C A B C

16. Right answer is … B The judo throw requires overcome of a very large force

17. Elastic strength Which example would you choose for elastic strength? A B C A B C

18. Right answer is … A The gymnast needs explosive strength in a sequence

19. Strength endurance Which example would you choose for strength endurance? A B C A B C

20. Right answer is … A Rowing requires repeated contractions without fatigue

21. Task You are now going to research one type of strength How to test for it How to train for it Gary – maximal strength Charlotte – explosive strength Chris – strength endurance Testing and Training for different types of strength

22. Testing and Training for different types of strength Strength Test Training Maximal strength. Elastic/explosive strength Strength endurance

23. Plenary – musical mastermind The winner is the contestant with the most points You will get 2 minutes on strength questions Everyone else will take it in turns to ask you questions If you answer incorrectly the answer is read out losing you valuable time You may pass three times

24. musical mastermind Name Points