Stress and adaptation

stress and adaptation

1. STRESS AND ADAPTATION JYOTI 1 ST YEAR

2. STRESS 1. It is a condition in which the human system responds to changing in its normal balanced state. Stress result from a change in the environment that is presided as a challenge a threat or a danger and can have both negative and positive effects. Pender and Parsons(2006)

3. 2. Stress : In a medical or biological context stress is a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. Stresses can be external (from the environment, psychological, or social situations) or internal (illness, or from a medical procedure).   3. Dr . Hans Selye , one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as “a state of psychological and physiological imbalance resulting from the disparity between situational demand and the individual's ability and motivation to meet those needs.”

4. Factors that are responsible for causing stress are called stressors . Stressor- stressor are themselves neither positive nor negative effects as the persons responds to the changes.

5. ADAPTATION “ when person is in a threatening situation immediate response occur .those response are often involuntary ,are called coping response. The change that take places as a result of the responses to a stressor is adaptation .”

6. GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME

7. SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF STRESS

8. TYPE OF STRESS

9. TYPE OF STRESSORS

10. FACTORS AFFECTING STAFF NURSES IN HEALTH CARE SET UP long hours worked, work overload and pressure – dealing with death and dying the effects of these on personal lives – concern about technical knowledge and skills lack of control over work and lack of participation in decision making – poor social support – conflict with other staff unclear management and work role and poor management style – lack of staff support and resources personal – concern about treatment and patient care

11. MIND BODY INTERACTION Humans react to threats of danger as if they were physiologic threats of a person perceives the threat on an emotional level& the body prepares itself to either resist the danger or to run away from it. Each person reacts in :- Backache Constipation Diarrhea Dilated pupils Dry mouth Headache nausea Sleep disturbances

12. ANXIETY a). Exercise :- Regular exercises help to maintain physical & emotional health. b ). Rest and sleep:- Rest and sleep helps the body to maintain homeostasis & restore energy levels. c). Nutrition: - It plays an important role in maintaining the body’s homeostatic mechanisms & in increasing resistance to stress. Obesity & malnutrition are major stressors & greatly increase the risk of illness. d). Encouraging the use of support system :- Support system provides emotional support that helps a person identify & verbalize feelings associated with stress.  

13. COPING MECHANISMS

14. STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSES Steps to managing stress Identify if you are stressed. Identify the stressor Identify the reason for the stressor Select an appropriate stress management Evaluate

15. STRAUTADAPTAION MODEL

16. A Study of Stress among Students of Professional Colleges from an Urban area in India Results: Out of the 1,224 respondents, 299 (24.4%) experienced stress. Among them 115 (38.5%), 102 (34.1%) and 82 (27.4%) were dental, medical and engineering students, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between stress and the field of education. Stress was observed in 187 (27.7%) females and 112 (20.4%) males; the association with gender was statistically significant. By applying binary logistic regression, medical studies, health and lifestyle factors, and academic factors were the significant predictors for stress.   Conclusion: Students from all the three fields studied were exposed to stress. Academic factors were one of the most important stressors. The introduction of stress management education into the curriculum could prove useful in combatting this problem.

17. Stress among nurses who work at the intensive care unit Vivian Aline Preto, Luiz Jorge Pedrão A total of 21 ICU nurse from five hospitals located in the state of São Paulo answered a series of questions about the ICU and completed the Nurse Stress Inventory. Study results showed that 57.1 % of nurses consider the ICU a stress- ful place, and 23.8% achieved a high score , indicating the presence of stress. Stress continues to affect these professionals , and institutions do not offer any special care for nurses in the sense of promoting comprehensive health care.