Stress ,conflict and frustration

PYCHOLOGY FOR NURSES

1. STRESS,CONFLICT,frustration P.THIRUNAGLINGA PANDIYAN M. Sc .,(n).,M.A., d. Pharm ., School of Nursing Madurai Medical College Madurai

2. STRESS Stress is a very common problem being faced today. Every individual will experience stress in one or the other time . Stress is a biological and psychological response Stress is an internal state which can be caused by physical demands of body

3. Definition Stress is defined as a mental, physical or emotional strain on the body. Generally stress occurs in response to a stressor Stressors may be internally or externally Eustress is the term used to describe positive stress. Distress is the term used to indicate negative stress.

4. SOURCES OF STRESS Environmental Stressors - Noise, Pollution, Traffic, Crowding and Weather Physiological Stressors - Illness, Injuries, Hormonal Fluctuations Thought - Negative Self Talk Individual Cause - Low Self Esteem, Fear of loss of control Social Stressors - Financial Problems, Work Demands, Social Events

5. TYPES OF STRESS 1. Acute Stress Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent 2. Episodic Stress Acute stress that is suffered too frequently in episode then it is called episodic stress. 3.Chronic Stress The individual having stress for long duration like one year it is called as chronic stress

6. SYMPTOMS OF STRESS Physical Symptoms - Muscle tension, cold and other illness, hypertension, tachycardia indigestion, ulcers, insomnia, headache. Cognitive Symptoms - Forgetfulness, lack of concentration, self criticism Emotional symptoms - Irritability, Depression, Anger, Fear of Anxiety.

7. HANS SELYE STAGES OF STRESS There are Three Main Stages associated with the General Adaptation Syndrome (HANS SELYE ) The Alarm Reaction The Stages of Resistance The Stages of Exhaustion

8. STAGES OF STRESS 1. Alarm Reaction It is an emergency response of the body. In this stage prompt responses of the body, many of them mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, prepare us to cope with the stressor here and now . ( FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE).

9. STAGES OF STRESS 2. Stage of Resistance If the stressor continues to be present, the stage of resistance begins, wherein the body resists the effects of the continuous stressor. During this stage certain hormonal responses of the body are an important line of defence in resisting the effects of stressors (For example, release of ACTH).

10. STAGES OF STRESS 3. Stage of Exhaustion In this stage, the body’s capacity to respond to both continuous and new stressors has been seriously compromised. The person will no longer be able to face stressor and he will finally accept to it.

11. STRESS MANAGEMENT

12. CONFLICT DEFINITION The word conflict has been derived from a Latin word ‘Conflicts’ which means ‘strike two things at the same time’. Conflict is an opposition between different impulses Conflict may be defined as a friction between two desires, motives, needs.

13. Types of Conflicts a. Intrapersonal Conflicts These are the conflicts caused within the individual. These conflicts arise as a result of two or more motives or goals to be achieved at a time. Hence, these are called Goal conflicts . 

14. Types of Conflicts 1. Approach- Approach Conflict In this type of conflict individual will have two desires with positive goals which are equally powerful. For example, A person has two attractive job offers. Choosing two cinemas

15. Types of Conflicts 2. Avoidance- Avoidance Conflict This conflict involves two goals with negative valence. At times the individual is forced to choose one among two negative goals. In such conflicts, both are unwanted goals, but cannot avoid also. For example, don’t want to hard work and don’t want the fail in exam

16. Types of Conflicts 3 . Approach- Avoidance Conflict This is also a most complex conflict and very difficult to resolve. Because in this type of conflict a person is both attracted and unwanted by the same goal object. Here the goal object will have both positive and negative valences. eg : Ice cream is delicious and tasty but it is also cause obesity

17. Types of Conflicts 4. Multiple- Approach - Avoidance Conflict Some of the situations in life come across will involve both positive and negative valences of multiple nature . Suppose a woman is engaged to be married. The marriage to her has positive valences like-providing security to life and marrying a person whom she loves very much. On the other hand, if the marriage is repellent to her because she has to quit her attractive job and salary

18. Resolution of Conflicts The conflicts may arise from frustrations, competing roles or goals having positive or negative valences. Some conflicts are of great danger to mental health of the individual. Hence , it is necessary to resolve them as quickly as possible.

19. Resolution of Conflicts Conflicts resolution depends upon the type of conflict. The double approach conflict may be easily resolved by satisfying first one goal which is more important than the other . for example , a student attending the class first, then going for food even if hungry . Alternatively, this conflict is resolved by giving up one of the goals. Obviously , approach-approach conflict does not generate much anxiety, because the individual is not going to lose much.

20. Resolution of Conflicts In approach-avoidance conflict, since there is only one goal object, it is very difficult to decide. Here , compromise with the situation is the only alternative solution to overcome stress resulting from conflict . Finally, in multiple approach-avoidance conflict the individual has to take a decision depending upon the sum total of positive or negative valences resulting in selection of goals.

21. frustration The word frustration has been derived from a Latin word ‘Frusta’ means ‘obstruct’. The term frustration refers to the blocking of behavior directed towards the goal.

22. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION 1. Environmental Forces Environmental obstacles can frustrate the satisfaction of motives by making it difficult or impossible for a person to attain a goal. An obstacle may be physical- such as untimely rain, disruption in electric supply, auto strike, famine, earthquake, war, floods, etc .

23. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION 2 . Personal Frustration Unattainable goals or too high goals which are beyond the ability level of a person can be important sources of frustration. These are learned goals. For instance, a student with average level of intelligence aspires to score 90% of marks in the examination will definitely face frustration.

24. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION 3. Conflict Produced Frustration A major source of frustration is found in motivational conflict, in which the expression of one motive interferes with the expression of other motives . A student wants higher education, but too much expenditure comes in between. In this way he come across many frustrations due to conflict

25. SOURCES OF FRUSTRATION 4. Motivational conflict Motivation is one kind of power which makes a person delightful for work. Furthermore, Positive motivation can makes a man dynamical and encourages for work On the other hand, Motivation decreases mental pressure of a person.

26. REACTIONS TO FRUSTRATIONS Simple Reactions Increasing effort and Trials - During frustrations the individual gives more effort to achieve it Compromise - Repeated failure in one activity may cause change the aim with compromise Surrender – The individual accept the failure

27. REACTIONS TO FRUSTRATIONS Violent Reactions External aggression – The aggression may be directed towards the person or things. Example the employee who denied the promotion may quarrel with supervisors Internal aggression – The aggression may be directed towards the self and cause angry, tension

28. Overcoming frustration and conflict by the nurse Identify the source of frustration and conflict and try to remove it Decide the important things carefully Check everything carefully before do the procedure Always think as positive Relax with works Make good communication with others Proper time management Seek reliable help from others Avoid doing wrong

29. THANK YOU