structure of thesis in education in english

education is the key

1. Structure of the Thesis  Main Body Chapter 1    The Problem and Its Background Chapter 2    Methods of Study and Sources of Data Chapter 3    Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Chapter 4    Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

2. How to write chapter 2 Methods of Study and sources of data

3. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data There must be a brief introduction of the chapter. Research Design Research Locale Respondents Population/Subjects of the Study Sampling Design Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment

4. Research Design The research design is the plan overall or main strategy used by the researcher to study a problem or issue. It serves as the blueprint for collecting , measuring and analyzing data.

5. Research Design There are two basic research designs based on the way data and information are collected and analyzed: 1. Qualitative Research 2. Quantitative Research

6. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Type of Data : Qualitative Research generates non numerical data . It focuses mainly on verbal data rather than measurements. Qualitative Research relies mainly on narrative description. Type of Data : Quantitative Research generates numerical data or information that can be converted into numbers.

7. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Presentation of Data: The presentation of data in a qualitative research is in the form of words (from interviews) and images (videos) or objects (such as artifacts). Presentation of Data: In a quantitative research, data are presented in tables, graphs or charts. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics.

8. Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Data Gathering Instrument In qualitative research the researcher serves as the primary data gathering instrument and collects data through in-depth interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis, participant observation and archival research . Data Gathering Instrument Quantitative research makes use of tools such as questionnaires, surveys, tests, attitudinal scales and other equipment to collect numerical or measurable data.

9. Types of Quantitative research designs 1. Descriptive Research 2. Correlational Research 3. Causal-Comparative Research 4. Experimental Research

10. 1. Descriptive Research

11. Descriptive Research Collects data in order to answer questions about the current status of the subject or topic of the study Uses formal instruments to study preferences, attitudes, practices, concerns, or interests of a sample of participants Also called Survey Research

12. Surveys ask respondents for information using verbal or written questioning

13. 2. Correlational Research

14. Correlational Research

15. Correlational Research

16. Correlational Research

17. 3. Experimental Research

18. Experimental Research Concerned with the investigation of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable where the independent variable is manipulated through treatment or interventions and the effect of those treatment or interventions is observed on the dependent variable Used to test hypothesis to establish cause-and- effect relationship The researcher selects participants and divides them into two or more groups having similar characteristics and then applies the treatment to the groups and measures the effect upon the groups.

19. Some Examples of Experimental Research The effect of a new treatment plan on breast cancer The effect of positive reinforcement on attitude toward school The effect of teaching with a cooperative group strategy or a traditional lecture approach on students’ achievement The effect of personalized instruction vs. traditional instruction on computational skills of students

20. RANDOM ASSIGNMENT CONTROL GROUP POST-TEST POST-TEST TREATMENT EXPT’L GROUP Pre-test POST-TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN PRE-TEST PRE-TEST

21. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Discuss the research design to be used. Cite a literature to discuss the research design. Discuss how the research design will be used by focusing on your SOPs/SOOs.

22. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Research Locale Respondents Population/Subjects of the Study Sampling Design Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment

23. Research Locale Place where the research will be conducted Venue of the research - the school, the municipality, the city or the province. You can provide a map, if needed.

24. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Research Locale Respondents Population/Subjects of the Study Sampling Design Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment

25. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Respondents Who are they? (Population or Sample) How will you select them? (Sampling Design) How many are they?

26. Population or subjects of the study Refers to the large group from which individuals are selected to participate in a study Refers to the actual sampling frame from which the researcher randomly draws the sample This is the group to whom the findings can be generalized because the sample was drawn from them.

27. Population vs sample Population is the entire set of items that is the focus of the study and is usually denoted with an uppercase letter N. A sample is a subset of the population and is denoted with a lowercase letter n

28. Probability vs non-probability sampling 1. Probability or Random Sampling Provides equal chances to every single element of the population to be included in the sampling. 2. Non-Probability Sampling The samples are selected in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. Samples are selected on the basis of their accessibility or by the purposive personal judgment of the researcher.

29. Probability Sampling 1. Simple Random Sampling Lottery Method Fish Bowl Method Table of Random Numbers

30. Non Probability Sampling 1. Accidental or Convenience Sampling Researcher selects subjects that are more readily accessible or available. 2. Purposive Sampling Subjects are selected based on the needs of the study.

31. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Respondents Who are they? Sampling Design How will you select them? How many are they?

32. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Research Locale Respondents Population/Subjects of the Study Sampling Design Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment

33. Methods of gathering DAta 1. Interview Method - interview guide (Used for Survey and Case Study) 2. Questionnaire Method Discuss how it will be prepared. Discuss its parts. Will it be adopted/adapted? Who will validate your questionnaire?

34. Methods of gathering DAta 3. Observational Study Method 4. Experimental Method 5. Survey Method 6. Focus group Discussion 7. Registration Method or Documentary Analysis DISCUSS HOW THE ABOVE WILL BE USED IN THE STUDY BASED ON YOUR SOPs/SOOs.

35. Methods of Gathering Data In order to gather all the needed data to answer the questions posed in the Study the following tools shall be use d : Questionnaire The questionnaire will be prepared based on the Statement of the Problem. The First part will consist of choices as to their age, sex. Interview Discuss how it will be used and why. Observation Discuss how it will be used and why. Observation-Participation Discuss how it will be used and why.

36. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Research Design Research Locale Respondents Population/Subjects of the Study Sampling Design Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment

37. Statistical Treatment All the statistical treatments used in the study must be so specified in this section of Chapter 3. It is necessary for manually computed statistical treatment to specify the formula used for computation.

38. Statistical treaments are divided into: 1. Descriptive Statistics - used to summarize and describe data Measures of Frequency (count, percent, frequency) Measures of Central Tendency (mean, median, mode) Measures of dispersion (range, variance, standard deviation) Measures of Position (percentile rank, quartile rank) 2. Inferential Statistics – used to make predictions or inferences about a large population by analyzing a sample from it Test of Difference Correlation Analysis Analysis of Variance Linear Regression Analysis

39. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data Statistical Treatment Discuss the statistical formula or tools to be used to interpret data from your SOPs Present the formula Present a table for the rubrics and verbal descriptions to be used.

40. Chapter 2 Methods of Study and Sources of Data There must be a brief introduction of the chapter. Research Design (No Introduction) Research Locale (No Introduction) Respondents (No Introduction) Population/Subjects of the Study No sub-title Sampling Design (This is a sub-title) Methods of Gathering Data Statistical Treatment