STS LECTURE 1 TIMELINE week 1 semeral 1

for science technology and s ociety

1. Midterm Period Lesson 1: HISTORICAL ANTECEDENT

2. Objectives At the end of the lesson , the students should be able to: 1. Trace the historical development of science throughout humanmkind; 2. Discuss the interaction between Science, Technology and society ; and 3. Determine how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment.

3. - The study of how social , political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation and these in turn affect society , politics and culture SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY and SOCIETY

4. -refers to the endless cycle of co-dependence, co-influence, co- production of technology and society upon the other.

5.   1. Discovery - the recognition and careful observation of new natural objects and phenomena 2. Invention – is a mental process wherein man’s various discoveries and observation , combined and guided by experience , lead man to make some other new ways (operations) and means (tools) of obtaining things useful or profitable MAN’s ACHIEVEMENTS in S and T 2 Elements

6. - knowledge acquired by careful observation, by deduction ( logic reasons to form a conclusion ) of the laws which govern changes and condition and by testing these deduction by experimentation the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation What is SCIENCE?

7. -  is a series of processes that people can use to gather knowledge about the world around them, improve that knowledge, and, through gaining knowledge, attempt to explain why and/or how things occur. Steps in Scientific Method Identifying the problem; Gather and study information about the problem; Formulate hypothesis; Test the hypothesis; Make the conclusion; and Verify the conclusion Scientific Method

8. BRANCHES OF SCIENCE : Natural Science -seeks to understand the natural world and different processes a) Physical Science ( Chemistry, Physics,Earth,… ) b) Biological Science (Zoology, Botany,Anatomy…) 2. Social Science – study of people, culture, societies ( Economics , Geography , History , …)

9. TECHNOLOGY - the use of science in industry , engineering . . .etc to invent useful things or to solve problems - entities both material and immaterial , created by the application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value.

10. when referring to a tool; a technique Cultural force The term technology is mostly used in three different contexts:

11. -is a group of individuals involved in persistent social inter action, or a large social group sharing the same social territory. SOCIETY

12. Stone Age Copper and Bronze Age Iron Age Ancient Civilization Medieval Renaissance Industrial Revolution Nineteenth Century Twentieth Century Twenty First Century Science and Technology in Society: Historical Perspective

13. The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 2.5 million years, the Stone Age ended around 5,000 years ago It is typically broken into three distinct periods: the Paleolithic Period, Mesolithic Period and Neolithic Period . Stone Age

14. The Paleolithic was an age of purely hunting and gathering. The Mesolithic period the development of agriculture contributed to the rise of permanent settlements. The later Neolithic period is distinguished by the domestication of plants and animals.

15. 1 st major technologies were tied to survival, hunting and food preparation. Technological development during this period 1. Fire 3. weapons 2. Stone 4. clothing All humans were hunter-gatherers

16. The Bronze Age spanned from 3,300 to 1,200 BCE and is characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacturing of implements and weapons. This period ended with further advancements in metallurgy , such as the ability to smelt iron ore. Copper and Bronze Age

17. Ancient Sumerians in the Middle East may have been the first people to enter the Bronze Age. Humans made many technological advances during the Bronze Age, including the first writing systems and the invention of the wheel. In the Middle East and parts of Asia, the Bronze Age lasted from roughly 3300 to 1200 B.C., ending abruptly with the near-simultaneous collapse of several prominent Bronze Age civilizations.

18. The Iron Age was a period in human history that started between 1200 B.C. and 600 B.C., depending on the region, and followed the Stone Age and Bronze Age. During the Iron Age, people across much of Europe, Asia and parts of Africa began making tools and weapons from iron and steel. For some societies, including Ancient Greece, the start of the Iron Age was accompanied by a period of cultural decline Iron Age

19. Generally replaced bronze and made it possible to produce tools which where stronger and cheaper to make than equivalent. The Iron age was the last major step before the development of written language. Involved the adaptation of iron smelting technology

20. Ancient history as a term refers to the aggregate of past events from the beginning of writing and recorded human history and extending as far as the post-classical history Ancient Civilization

21. 1. The Mesopotamian Civilization Civilization Name: Mesopotamian civilization Period: 3500 BC–500 BC Original Location: Northeast by the Zagros mountains, southeast by the Arabian plateau Current Location: Iraq, Syria, and Turkey Meaning: Land between rivers (ancient Greek) Major Highlights: First civilization in the world The 10 Oldest Ancient Civilizations That Have Ever Existed

22. 2. The Indus Valley Civilization Civilization Name: Indus Valley civilization Period: 3300 BC–1900 BC Original Location: Around the basin of the Indus river Current Location: Northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India Major Highlights: One of the most widespread civilizations, covering 1.25 million km

23. 3. The Ancient Egyptian Civilization Civilization Name: Egyptian civilization Period: 3150 BC–30 BC Original Location: Banks of the Nile Current Location: Egypt Major Highlights: Construction of pyramids

24. 4. The Maya Civilization Civilization Name: Maya civilization Period: 2600 BC–900 AD Original Location: Around present-day Yucatan Current Location: Yucatan, Quintana Roo, Campeche, Tabasco, and Chiapas in Mexico and south through Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras Major Highlights: Complex understanding of astronomy

25. 5. The Chinese Civilization Civilization Name: Chinese civilization Period: 1600 BC–1046 BC Original Location: Yellow River and Yangtze region Current Location: Country of China Major Highlights: Invention of paper and silk

26. 6. The Ancient Greek Civilization Civilization Name: Greek civilization Period: 2700 BC–479 BC Original Location: Italy, Sicily, North Africa, and as far west as France Current Location: Greece Major Highlights: Concepts of democracy and the Senate, the Olympics

27. 7. The Persian Civilization Civilization Name: Persian civilization Period: 550 BC–331 BC Original Location: Egypt in the west to Turkey in the north, and through Mesopotamia to the Indus river in the east Current Location: Modern-day Iran Major Highlights: Royal road

28. 8. The Roman Civilization Civilization Name: Roman civilization Period: 550 BC–465 AD Original Location: Village of the Latini Current Location: Rome Major Highlights: Most powerful ancient civilization

29. 9. The Aztec Civilization Civilization Name: Aztec civilization Period: 1345 AD–1521 AD Original Location: Southcentral region of pre-Columbian Mexico Current Location: Mexico Major Highlights: Nahuatl became the major language

30. 10.The Incan Civilization Civilization Name: Incan civilization Period: 1438 AD–1532 AD Original Location: Present-day Peru Current Location: Ecuador, Peru, and Chile Major Highlights: Largest empire in South America in the pre-Columbian era

31. Birth of an idea the rise of Islam Medieval Age

32. Is a French word which means rebirth. Refers to a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation - Age of exploration Renaissance

33. - Characterized by the developments in the areas of textile manufacturing, metallurgy and transport driven by the development of the steam engine Industrial Revolution

34. -saw the birth of science as a profession - Rapid development of chemical, electrical, petroleum and steel technologies connected with highly structured technology research. Nineteenth Century

35. -one of the prominent traits of the 20 th century was the dramatic growth of technology. Twentieth Century

36. - Technology is being developed even more rapidly, marked progress in almost all fields of science and technology. Twenty First Century

37. PERIOD DISCOVERY / INVENTION ANCIENT TIME BIOMIMETIC CLOTHES ( FIRST CLOTHES) STONE , HAND –MADE BRICKS ( 2.5 M -60 BC) AGRICULTURE AND SETTLEMENT (8000 BC) IRON , GLASS, WHEELS CUNEIFORM ( FIRST ALPHABET BY SUMERIAN ) BRONZE ALLOYS RAISING AND IRRIGATION DEVICES ( BY EGYPTIAN ) STATIC ELECTRICITY ( BY THALES OF MELLITUS ) FIRST PAPER BY TS’AI LUN OF CHINA STEAM ENGINE BY HERO OF ALEXANDRIA MODERN TURBINES WAS PERFECTED BY VITUVIUS

38. PERIOD DISCOVERY /INVENTION MIDDLE AGE WIND MILL GUN POWDER AND FIRE WORKS BY CHINA 600 - 1730 CLOCK WORK AND CRANK ROBOT FLUSHING HAND WASHING MACHINE MODERN PRINTING PRESS SATELITE NAVIGATION MICROSCOPE OF ZACHARIAS JANSSEN THERMOMETER OF GALILEO GALILIE SPACE TELESCOPE BUILDS BY GALILEO GALILIE THREE LAWS OF MOTION BY ISAAC NEWTON BINARY SYSTEM OF COMPUTER BY GOTTFRIED LEIBNITZ

39. PERIOD DISCOVERY / INVENTON MODERN ERA FIRST BATTERY BY ALESSANDRO VOLTA RUBBER BY CHARLES GOODYEAR 19 TH CENTURY (1800 – 1895) CONVERSION OF ENERGY BY JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE ELEVATOR BY ELISHA GRAVES OTIS TELEPHONE BY ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL PHONOGRAPH BY THOMAS EDISON INCANDESCENT LAMP BY THOMAS EDISON LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ) BY FRIEDRICH REINNITZER ALTERNATING CURRENT BY NIKOLA TESLA X-RAY BY WILHEM ROINTGEN

40. PERIOD DISCOVERY / INVENTION MODERN AGE AIRPLANE BY WRIGHT BROTHERS PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT BY EINSTEIN 20 TH CENTURY MECHANICAL TELEVISION BY BAIRD MODERN ELECTRONIC TELEVISION BY FARNSWORTHS POLYGRAPH MACHINE BY JOHN LARSON COLORED TELEVISION COMPACT DISK CELLPHONE APPLE 1 , ONE OF THE WORLD’S FIRST HOME COMPUTER EYE SURGERY FOR CATARACT 21 ST CENTURY iPOD MP3 VACUUM CLEANING ROBOT (ROOMBA) iPHONE, TOUCHSCREEN TABLET (iPAD) 3D TV, SUPERCOMPUTER (FASTEST COMPUTER NANOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

41. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE   PHILIPPINES Brief Historical Background The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the country gained its independence from the American Colonization I. The Early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions. Own belief system and indigenous knowledge Keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years

42. II. PRE-SPANISH ERA ( 5000 – 1 521BC ) - MEDICINAL and THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES PLANTS and METHODS of EXTRACTING - ALPHABET - WEIGHING MEASUREMENT - CALENDAR - FARMING, FISHING - SHIP BUILDING

43. II. SPANISH COLONIAL ERA (1521 – 1891 ) - FORMAL EDUCATION - PARISH SCHOOL (religion , reading, writing , arithmetic , and music ) - MODERN AGRICULTURE - STUDY OF MEDICINE - BUILDING CHURCHES , ROADS ,BRIDGES , and PORTS

44. III. American Period        More influence in the Development of Science and Technology Public Education System Improved engineering works and health of the people Mineral resources where exposed and exploited

45. World war II The country had a difficult time to rebuild itself from ruins of the war V. New Republic Focusing on using its limited resources in improving Science and Technology Use of overseas development allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological capability Human resource Development

46. FILIPINO SCIENTIST WHO HAS CONTRIBUTED TO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ANGEL ALACALA – - the National Scientist noted for his work in marine and aquatic biology. - He was recognized on amphibians and reptiles diversity and marine biodiversity in the country. - He is behind the invention of artificial coral reefs to be used for fisheries in Southeast Asia

47. 2. GAVINO TRONO - National Scientist of the Philippines for the contribution to the study of topical marine phycology ( scientific study of algae) 3.EDUARDO QUISUMBING – a botanist who graduated MS in Botany at UP and PhD in Plant Taxonomy Systematic and Morphology

48. 4.DIOSCORRO L. UMALI – an agriculturist that was dubbed as the Father of Philippine Plant due to the program he conducted. 5. TEODORO AGONCILLO – A Filipino historian and received the National Scientist award for the contributions in the field of history

49. Terms: Taxonomy – system of describing the way in which different living things are related by putting them in groups Morphology – the study of the form and structure of animals and plants or any of its parts