Study of consolidation parameters:Pharmacokinetic parameters

Consolidation and Pharmacokinetic parameters
Presented by
T. Manish
Department of Pharmaceutics

1. 1 A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement for I year M. Pharm I semester Presented by T.Manish (Reg. No.20L01S0306) Dept. Of Pharmaceutics Under the guidance of Dr. Pavan Kumar Chintamaneni M.Pharm, Ph.D. Associate Professor & Head Department of Pharmaceutics Study of consolidation parameters: Pharmacokinetic parameters

2. 2 Consolidation Pharmacokinetic parameters References Contents

3. 3 An increase in the mechanical strength of the material resulting from particle or particle interaction CONSOLIDATION

4. 4 PHARMACOKINETIC Pharmacon –drug , kineticos-movement Study that deals with movement of drugs within the body. Process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion of the drugs in the body. Absorption and distribution-rate of onset of action Metabolism and elimination-extent / duration of action. PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETER

5. 5 1.Bioavailability 2.Volume of distribution 3.Clearance 4.Half-life LIST OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS

6. 6 1.BIOAVAILABILITY The percentage of drug, contained in a drug product, that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged from after administration of the product. Factors affecting Bioavailability Pharmaceutical factors Pharmacological factors Route of administration

7. 7 Pharmaceutical factors Particle size Salt form Crystal forms Nature of excipients Degree of ionisation Partition coefficient The method of manufacturing

8. 8 Pharmacological factors Gastric emptying and gastric motility Food and other substances First pass metabolism Drug-Drug Interactions

9. 9 Route of administration Parenteral Oral Topical Rectal Inhalation

10. 10 2.VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION The volume of distribution is also known as APPARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION, is used to quantify the distribution of drug between plasma and rest of the body after oral or parenteral dosing. Factors affecting Tissue permeability of drug Physiochemical properties of drugs Physiological barriers to diffusion of drugs Organ / tissue size and perfusion rate Binding of drugs to tissue components Miscellaneous factors

11. 11 3.CLEARANCE Clearance is defined as hypothetical volume of body fluids containing drug from which the drug is removed or cleared completely in a specific period of time. Factors affecting Physiochemical properties of drug Plasma concentration of drug Distribution and binding characteristics of drug Urine pH

12. 12 Blood flow to kidney Biological factors Drug Interactions Disease state

13. 13 Blood flow of the kidney Drugs excreted by glomerular filtration only Drugs that are actively secreted Drug interactions Alteration in protein binding Alteration in urine PH Complexation for active secretion Forced diuretics

14. 14 4.HALF-LIFE A Half-life is the amount of time necessary for one half of the nuclei in a sample to decay to its stable isotope. Factors affecting Steady state concentration Therapeutic Index Therapeutic window

15. 15 Steady state concentration Steady state occurs after a drug has been given approximately five elimination half-lives. It is important when interpreting drug concentrations in time-dependent manner or assessing clinical response.

16. 16 Therapeutic Index Therapeutic Index = toxic dose /effective dose This is a measure of a drugs safety * A large number =a wide margin of safety * A small number = a small margin of safety

17. 17 Therapeutic Window Useful range of concentration over which a drug is therapeutically beneficial. Therapeutic window may vary from patient to patient. Drugs with narrow therapeutic windows require smaller and more frequent doses or a different method of administration. Drugs with slow elimination rate may rapidly accumulate to toxic levels.

18. 18 Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann and Libermann. Dissolution, bioavailability and bioequivalence by Hamed M. Abdou. Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics by D. M. Bhramankar and Sunil B. Jaiswal. References

19. 19 THANK YOU