Study of heavy metal concentration in tawi river

Study of heavy metal concentration in tawi river

1. STUDIES ON HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF RIVER BASANTER,SAMBA J&K. ANJALI RANDHAWA SEMESTER- X ENROLMENT NO-0740219 DEPARTMENT- ZOOLOGY SUBMITTED TO – Dr S hvetambri Jasrotia Dr. Shvetambri Jasrotia Assistant Professor Submitted to Department of Zoology School of Life Sciences

2. Rivers serve multiple functions, including drinking water, transportation, irrigation, and fisheries. In its development, rivers can be regulated and used for a human life River pollution in India has reached its threshold level and heavy metals is main cause of river pollution. Such high river pollution can affect population’s health in direct and indirect way. Heavy metals are metallic element having a density of more than 5 to 6gcm 3 That’s why they are known as ‘Heavy metals’ due to their heaviness among all metals. H eavy metals are essential and non-essential for human beings. Direct industrial waste and human activities are polluting River Basanter of samba. The following heavy metal studied in River Basanter are: 1.Cadmium 2.Nickle 3.Zinc 4.Lead 5.Iron

3. Unbalanced industrial growth in the Samba region has resulted in a significant setback for the Basantar River, whose quality is steadily declining due to untreated wastewater from industry. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has fined the State Industrial Development Corporation of Jammu and Kashmir (SIDCO) five crores for trashing disposal and wastewater discharge into the Basantar River in the Samba district. Figure1.1-Upstream area of River Basanter Figure.1.2-Downstream area of River Basanter

4. Figure 1.3-Maps

5. Sampling sites So, for the present investigation, eight sampling site viz. Location1(L 1 ) and Location 2(L 2 ) located at 2km downstream of River Basanter . Location 3(L 3 ) and Location 4(L 4 ) located 3km downstream of River Basanter and Location 5(L 5 ) is located at the side of the River Basanter and it is main dumping water waste site of industrial waste. Location 6(L 6 ), Location 7(L 7 ), Location 8(L 8 ) is located at 2km upstream of River Basanter. Table1- Different Location of River Basanter

6. METHODOLOGY One litre water samples from each sites were taken in eight separate beakers and digested using 5ml of concentrated HNO 3. Water from beakers filtered using Whatman filter paper no 1 and preserved at 4°C in the low temperature in refrigerator. For Further analysis purposes the preserved sample were taken out from the refrigerator and kept at room temperature and raised to 100 ml in volumetric flask. Then the heavy metal concentrations of the collected water samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).

7. RESULTS Table 2-Comparison of values of heavy metals with the standard value given by(WHO-World health organisation),(BIS-Bureau of Indian standards)

8. Heavy Metals Source Toxic effects Cadmium Welding electroplating pesticide, fertilizer, batteries, nuclear fission plant, cadmium pigments, effluents from sewage treatment plants. Renal failure , hyperactivity, softening of bones, slow growth, muscle and joint pain, carcinogenic effects Iron Chemical fertilize, pharmaceutics, pigments Arthritis, cancer, liver problem, diabetes , heart failure Lead Paint , pesticides , batteries , automobile emissions, Memory and concentration problem, high blood pressure, hearing problem, reproductive problem, digestive problem, carcinogenic effects Nickel Electroplating, battery industries, mining works, burning of coal and oil, phosphate fertilize, pesticides Hair loss, cancer risk, derma toxicity, decrease in body weight, irritation, skin disease Zinc Refineries, brass manufacture, metal plating, immersion of painted idols Psychical dysfunction, neurological disturbance, influence on the respiratory system, stomach damage, nausea, hyperactivity

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