study on Milk Production in Rajasthan

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Milk Production in Rajasthan





DEEPALI AGARWAL

2. Milk Production in Rajasthan
Submitted by:
Deepali Agarwal


Abstract

This paper deals with the milk production in Rajasthan. The objective of this study is to explore
the areas which have higher potential to improve the milk production and productivity by
removal of all the backdrops in the production of milk in Rajasthan. It also attempts to explain
the very need for improvement in milk procurement in Rajasthan. The paper is based more upon
the secondary data and past researches, although some primary data has been collected from the
milk producers through an unstructured and informal correspondence. This paper almost covers
study of dairy farming practices followed in all the major parts Rajasthan having highest value of
milk production. The paper also intends to discuss the future prospects of development in milk
production in Rajasthan along with the challenges faced to achieve the same. It explains that how
the optimum use of resources namely, natural, financial, manpower etc. can help in achieving the
best results. Therefore, it may be safely deduced that as Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation
(RCDF) is the major player in milk production in Rajasthan, so if the process of milk production
and procurement is streamlined and is properly and timely executed then RCDF can prove to be
a milestone in the development of Rajasthan.

Introduction

The White revolution of 70's had made spectacular land marks in the Indian milk production
scenario. India is the largest milk producer of the world and milk has been marked as the number
one farm commodity. Rural prosperity by dairy farming is the dire need of the hour. Recently
livestock production has taken a new turn by venturing itself on commercial basis. The higher
production potential of the cross bred animals and its economic sustainability has its mainstay on
judicious balanced feeding round the year. India has the world's largest dairy herd (composed of
cows and buffaloes). India stands first in milk production, with 132.4 million tones of milk
produced in 2012-13.
Rajasthan with a geographical area of 3, 42, 239 sq. kms (year 2012) is India's largest state with
population of 56 million and a density of 165 persons per sq. kms. Dairy is one of the major
sources of livelihood. Rajasthan stands second in rank in terms of milk production in India with
352 LLPD or 10% of the total milk produced in the country. Rajasthan co-operative dairy
federation is the authority which works as the benefactors of Rajasthan and is activating
Rajasthan’s upliftment. Dairy has also been the source of liquidity and insurance against crop
failure in Rajasthan. Farmers in Rajasthan realize 60%-70% of the consumer price from the dairy
products. Rajasthan Co-operative Dairy Federation (RCDF) Limited organizes and administers
most of the Rajasthan milk cooperatives. Livestock breeds originating in Rajasthan like
Tharparkar, Kankrej, Gir cattle, form basis of livestock industry in Rajasthan

Objectives of the study

 To design a pattern for better milk production.
 To plan and to study milk production and productivity in Rajasthan.
 To suggest ways to improve profitability of milk producers.

3. Study region

The scope of the study will be limited to certain districts in Rajasthan where we seek to focus
majorly on the three basic constraints identified in the dairy farming structure, namely Feeding,
Breeding and other management related issues related to dairy farming.

Methodology

 Literature review: To develop an understanding of existing dairy farms operations in
Rajasthan, identifying issues and concerns, thereby trying to study the scope of
improvement of milk production and productivity of dairy farms. We have used the
following data for our research.
o Amul journals
o RCDF official websites
o Internet official sites of Rajasthan dairy federation
 Data Collection from selected existing dairy farms in Ajmer district in Rajasthan, to study
the various factors leading to their growth and identifying challenges faced by the farm
owners and collecting primary and secondary data.
 Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data collected
 Suggesting a suitable model for achieving the aforementioned objective based on our
understanding from the procedures explained above
Observations:
Animal Husbandry is a major economic activity of the rural people, especially in the arid and
semi-arid regions of the Rajasthan. Development of livestock sector has a significant beneficial
impact in generating employment and reducing poverty in rural areas. Dairying has always been
inter-dependent in the state. The cultivator depends largely on bullock power for tillage,
irrigation and carting. Milk and milk products constitute the only source of animal protein for a
sizable vegetarian population. Milk is also an item of cultural importance. Milk products are a
integral constituent of religious ceremonies.
Rajasthan has a vast animal genetic resource with a wide variety of indigenous cattle breeds.
These indigenous breeds of cattle are now subjected to fast genetic degradation and dilution
because of unplanned breeding, crossbreeding and introduction of exotic germplasm. Thus
conservation of indigenous breeds of cattle is essential due to their potentiality for production of
milk or draught capability or high resistance to diseases and heat tolerance ability. But on the
other hand, through the study of secondary data and conversation with farmers it was observed
that the exotic breeds like Holstein Friesian and Jersey, owing to the higher milk productivity,
are reared more by the farmers. These species are not disease resistant, unlike the local breeds
but with some amount of proper breeding, feeding and management practices they have proven
to be a source of higher revenue generation for the farmers. Buffalo is also reared due to the
higher fat content in the milk, but the trend is observed to be shifting here as well due to the
problem of seasonal breeding in buffalo and lesser milk production per day.

The constraints faced by the existing dairy farms can be categorized into various heads namely:
Human resource, financial, and, infrastructure and functional.
1. Human resource constraints
a. Lack of labour

4. 2. Financial constraints:
a. High Initial Investment in establishment of dairy farm
3. Infrastructure constraints
a. Improper nutrition/feeding practices for animals
i. Availability of water
ii. Availability of green fodder
b. Improper cattle shed in most places:
4. Other functional constraints
i. Low yield and low payback
ii. No/Ineffective trainings
iii. Purchase errors during purchase of animals
Results and discussion:
To overcome the above problems there is a dire need to plan an effective training module for the
dairy farmers educating them about all the aspects of dairy farming like feeding breeding and
management. They should be regularly visited by the officials/resource person of RCDF to
monitor the areas of improvement and ensure the progress thereon. Proper records should be
maintained regarding the revenue and expenditure at farm level and also regarding the animal
health and pregnancy status, for effective and efficient dairy business. Despite the high milk
production the state is far below the potential due to
1. Low productivity per animal, leading to higher cost of production
2. Lack of commercial attitude towards dairying and awareness among dairy farmers about
the scientific animal husbandry practices

Conclusion

1. Promotion and development of indigenous breeds. Notable cattle breeds of the state are
Gir in Ajmer and Bhilwara, Tharparkar in Jaisalmer, Barmer & Jodhpur, Haryana in
Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Jaipur & Ganganagar, Barmer, Jalore, Jodhpur etc. proper farm
management and rearing may help to get the maximum results.
2. Scientific rearing of the crossbreed cows which has maximum milk productivity.

Particulars
Milk Yield
(KGPD)
Milk Production (000
tonnes)
Crossbreed 7.67 914
Local/Indigenous
cows
3.67 4084
Buffaloes 5.62 7240
3. At the VDCS level clean milk production programme may be further strengthened and
for achieving better results at least cost we may take help of the existing government
schemes and policies. Government of Rajasthan is making efforts for strengthening the
dairy sector through various development schemes like Intensive Dairy Development
Programme, Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality & Clean Milk Production,
Assistance to Cooperatives and Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme. RCDF
may help milk producers to take maximum benefit of the scheme.

5. Model for improving Milk Productivity

6. References

1. Dairy farming http://www.nabard.org/modelbankprojects/animalhusbandry.asp
2. Overview of Rajasthan (breeds, climate, geography, etc.):
http://www.sarasmilkfed.rajasthan.gov.in/stateprofile.aspx
3. Livestock population: http://animalhusbandry.rajasthan.gov.in/livestock_census.aspx
4. Status of cooperatives in Rajasthan:
http://www.sarasmilkfed.rajasthan.gov.in/new_unions.aspx
5. Additional information (number of veterinary institutions, semen banks, installed plant
capacities, etc.):
6. http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/TCD%202013%20Minutes.pdf
7. http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/bahs-2012.aspx
8. http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/statistics/animal-husbandry-statistics.aspx
9. Magazines and journal like: the Cooperator, Amul journals, blogs on internet
10. RCDF official websites