Subphylum Uniramia Notes

Notes on Insects, Centipedes, and Millipedes

1. Subphylum Uniramia
The uniramians are characterized by
having one pair of antennae.

2. Subphylum Uniramia
The uniramians are characterized by
having one pair of antennae.
There are three classes….

3. Subphylum Uniramia
The uniramians are characterized by
having one pair of antennae.
There are three classes….
1. Chilopoda – Centipedes

4. Subphylum Uniramia
The uniramians are characterized by
having one pair of antennae.
There are three classes….
1. Chilopoda – Centipedes
2. Diplopoda – Millipedes

5. Subphylum Uniramia
The uniramians are characterized by
having one pair of antennae.
There are three classes….
1. Chilopoda – Centipedes
2. Diplopoda – Millipedes
3. Insecta - Insects

6. Centipede literally means 100 legs. Since there are two
legs per body segment, a centipede would have to have
50 segments in order to have 100 legs.

7. Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment
and the first pair is modified into poison claws.

9. House Centipede

10. Centipedes use their poison claws to inject venom into
insects and other arthropods they eat.

11. Amazonian Yellow-legged Centipede

12. Some of the larger
centipedes can be
dangerous to people.
If you are ever attacked,
you’ll need to get a firm
grip closer to the poison
claws at the anterior end.

13. Actually, the largest centipede species grows to eight inches.

14. Godfather’s Pizza, Fairfield, OH
1980
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15. Millipedes’ first pair of
legs are for walking.
Unlike centipedes their
first legs are not
modified into poison
claws.

16. Millipedes’ first pair of
legs are for walking.
Unlike centipedes their
first legs are not
modified into poison
claws.
Millipedes scavenge
plant materials such as
fallen leaves and fruits.

17. The exoskeleton of
millipedes is hard and
protective. However, it
does not cover the
space between their
rows of legs.

18. The exoskeleton of
millipedes is hard and
protective. However, it
does not cover the
space between their
rows of legs.
To protect those
vulnerable tissues,
millipedes coil tightly to
hide them.

19. The Class Diplopoda
is divided into two
orders, based on the
shape of the
millipede. One
order consists of
flattened millipedes,
while the other
includes those with a
round body.

20. Pill Millipede
Millipede literally means “thousand legs”. None have
1000 legs, but several have over 600.

21. Each millipede segment, except the first three, bears two
pairs of legs.

22. Insects have three body segments and
three pairs of legs.

23. Why are insects so successful?

24. Why are insects so successful?
• When they evolved, there were mollusks and
worms on land, but no other competition
or predators.

25. Why are insects so successful?
• When they evolved, there were mollusks and
worms on land, but no other competition
or predators.
• Their exoskeleton gave them the support
they needed to move about on land.

26. Why are insects so successful?
• When they evolved, there were mollusks and
worms on land, but no other competition
or predators.
• Their exoskeleton gave them the support
they needed to move about on land.
• Land plants had already evolved so there
was a great deal of “untapped” food
resources for them.

27. Why are insects so successful?
• When they evolved, there were mollusks and
worms on land, but no other competition
or predators.
• Their exoskeleton gave them the support
they needed to move about on land.
• Land plants had already evolved so there
was a great deal of “untapped” food
resources for them.
• With so much food, no competition, and no
predators they had little selective
pressure against them.

28. Beetles’ front
wings are shield-
like. To fly,
beetles must
move their front
wings to expose
their flight wings.

29. Beetles’ front
wings are shield-
like. To fly,
beetles must
move their front
wings to expose
their flight wings.
Beetles
outnumber all
other insects in
species diversity.

30. Major insect orders……

31. Major insect orders……

32. Major insect orders……

33. Major insect orders……

34. Major insect orders……

35. Major insect orders……
Coleoptera
Shield Wings

40. Diptera
Two-winged Flies

44. Hymenoptera
Membrane Wings

45. Isoptera
Same legs

49. Lepidoptera
Scale Wings

50. Odonata
Dragonflies and
Damselflies

51. Hemiptera True Bugs