Substances and Classification of Substances.pptx

A science class presentation. Used for a special science class grade.

1. Periodic Table

2. Substances and Classification of Substances Unit 3

3. Substance A substance is any form of matter.

4. Substance A pure substance is a substance that has uniform chemical properties.

5. Example of substances

6. Properties of Substances Substances may have similar or different characteristics. We call these characteristics properties of substances . Example: states of matter, shape, color, smell, taste, density, flammability, rustiness metals and nonmetal.

7. Properties of Substances Physical Properties and Chemical Properties

8. Physical Properties Physical Properties are properties of substances indicate exterior characteristics.

9. Chemical properties -are properties of substances that need chemical reaction - Related to chemical compositions of substances.

10. An actions that alter physical properties of substances but still maintain chemical properties and compositions will not create any new substances after changes, substances remain the same, these changes are called physical changes , such as changes in states and shapes of substances. However, if the changes create new substances which have completely different chemical compositions and properties, these changes are called chemical changes , such as when metals become rusty or when rice and food wastes become decomposing.

11. LET’S REVIEW!

12. Physical Change or chemical change

13. Physical Change or chemical change

14. Physical Change or chemical change

15. Physical Change or chemical change

16. Physical Change or chemical change

17. Physical Change or chemical change

18. Physical Change or chemical change

19. Physical Change or chemical change

20. Physical Change or chemical change

21. Physical Change or chemical change

22. Arrangement and movement of particle in matter Solid Liquid Gas

23. Arrangement and movement of particle in matter Solid Liquid Gas Particles are tightly close to each other

24. Solid : has a certain shape and stable quantities R ice, table, paper, sand

25. Arrangement and movement of particle in matter Solid Liquid Gas Particles are fairly close to each other Binding forces are fairly high Capable of flowing

26. Liquid : no definite shape : takes the shape of the container : Definite volume A lcohol, kerosene, cooking oil, shampoo

27. Arrangement and movement of particle in matter Solid Liquid Gas Particles are very far apart Binding forces are very weak Can move freely and fastly and collide into each other always

28. G as: has no shape or volume A ir, oxygen, carbon dioxide

29. Some substances can change their states

30. Some substances can change their states Mothballs

31. Changes in states of substances are influenced by thermal energy or heat releasing

32. Changes of States of Matter

33. When heat is added to water until the temperature increases to a certain point water is boiling. If the boiling doesn't stop, the temperature of water will become stable. This temperature is called the boiling point of water.

34. The process by which water vapor in the air changed into liquid water is called condensation .

35. The period where ice is transforming into water is the period where the ice is melting. The temperature in this period becomes stable; this temperature is called the melting point of ice .

36. if water is cooled until it reaches to this temperature that it changes its state from liquid to ice, this temperature is called the freezing point of water

37. Temperature remains the same

38. The heat used in changing state of substances is called latent heat .

39. Tapioca flour HOMOGENEOUS

40. sOIL HETEROGENEOUS

41. HOMOGENEOUS CONTAINs TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES THAT ARE BLENDED THROROUGHLY (CAN SEE AS ONE) Gas, liquid or solid

42. Heterogeneous Inharmonious components (Can see the substances)

43. Chili and salt

44. Papaya salad

45. charcoal

46. Mothballs

47. Rubbing alcohol

48. Saline

49. Soft drinks

50. Air in plastic bag

51. Ladcheag

52. Raw starch

53. Answer in your notebook How many substances are there? Which substances are homogeneous and heterogeneous? What are the states of homogeneous mixture? 10 substances

54. Heterogeneous

55. Heterogeneous

56. Homogeneous

57. Homogeneous

58. Homogeneous

59. Homogeneous

60. Homogeneous

61. Homogeneous

62. Heterogeneous

63. Heterogeneous

64. HOMOGENEOUS It can be solutions or pure substances Pure substances consist only of one element or one compound Example: gold, copper, silver, common salt, sugar, mercury, charcoal, mothballs, water, flour

65. HOMOGENEOUS It can be solutions or pure substances Solution two or more different substances but not chemically joined together. Example: salt solution, soft drinks, copper alloy (gold and copper)

66. Solution

67. Pure substance or Solution Water Salt solution Soft drinks Salt sugar Pure substance Solution Solution Pure substance Pure substance

68. Can we turn Solutions into pure a substance?

69. Evaporation/ Vaporization Paper Chromatography Distillation Solutions into pure substances

70. Salt Solution Evaporation

71. Dye Solution Chromatography Mixture

72. Salt Solution Distillation

73. Review Questions! Give 5 examples of homogeneous mixtures that are pure substances. What are the solutions do you normally use everyday and water are the components of those substances? Can solutions be transformed into pure substances? Name a test method that indicates if any homogeneous mixtures are pure substances or solution.

74. Classification of substances using size of particles Solution Colloids Suspensions How to test? 1. Filtering with filter paper 2. Filtering with cellophane

75. Filtering with filter paper

76. POre Any particles in the liquid which are smaller than the pore of the filter paper will pass through. Example: Milk, and syrup Particles larger than the pores of the filter paper will not pass.

77. Filtering with cellophane Cellophane has smaller pores than filter paper.

78. Classification of substances using size of particles Solution - can pass through filter paper and cellophane Colloids - can pass through filter paper but not cellophane Suspensions - cannot pass through filter paper and cellophane

79. Is salad dressing solution, colloid or suspension? Colloid

80. Salad dressing is a type of colloid because it consists of vegetable oil and vinegar. Colloid

81. vegetable oil + vinegar = colloid Colloid

82. But when left for a long time, vegetable oil will separate. Colloid

83. Emulsion Egg is the emulsifier.

84. Tyndall Effect

85. Tyndall effect Tyndall effect

86. LET’S REVIEW

87. 1. Homogeneous Meaning: can be seen as one substance Example: saline solution and air in plastic bag 2. Heterogeneous Meaning: can be seen immediately Examples: papaya salad and ladcheag

88. 3. Pure substance Meaning: consist only of one element or one compound Example: gold, water 4. Solution Meaning: two or more different substances but not chemically joined together. Examples: syrup and saline

89. 5. Colloids Meaning: can pass through filter paper but not cellophane Example: fresh milk and cooked starch 6. Suspensions Meaning: cannot pass through filter paper and cellophane Example: mud water and flour suspension