successful aging ppt.pptx

suffess ful aging

1. Successful Aging

2. Outline of presentation Introduction Concept of aging Definition of successful aging Factors contribute to healthy ageing Common problems at old age Role of Social worker Conclusions

3. Introduction Advances in public health and in health care are keeping people alive longer, and consequently, the proportion of older people in the global population is increasing rapidly. The life expectancy has also increased in India. Compared to life expectancy of 32 years at the time of independence, it was estimated to be 65 years for the year 2011. Those aged >60 years formed 5.5% of the total population in 1951, which increased to 8.5% in 2011 and it is projected that by 2050, elderly will form 19% of the total population, with higher growth for those aged ≥80 years. Census of India, 2011.

4. Introduction Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22%. By 2020, the number of people aged 60 years and older will out number children younger than 5 years. In 2050, 80% of older people will be living in low- and middle-income countries WHO 2018

5. Classification of old age (Government of India. 1999). Old Old-old Oldest old 60-69 70-79 80+

6. Classification According to WHO most countries have accepted the chronological age of 65 and above as a definition of elderly and old age According to the UN 60+ years will be referred as the older population or elderly Young adult – up to 75years Old Old - up to 85years Very old -85 years

7. Health characteristics in older age Underlying changes Movement functions Sensory functions Cognitive functions Sexuality Immune function Functions of the skin Multimorbidity

8. Health condition during aging Hearing loss, cataracts and refractive errors, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression and dementia. Also characterized by the emergence of several complex health states that tend to occur only later in life and that do not fall into discrete disease categories. These are commonly called  geriatric syndromes . Often the consequence of multiple underlying factors and include frailty, urinary incontinence, falls, delirium and pressure ulcers. Geriatric syndromes appear to be better predictors of death than the presence or number of specific diseases. WHO 2018

9. Concept of aging As a multidimensional reality of life, aging is difficult to define simply Ageing results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. Beyond biological changes, ageing is also associated with other life transitions.

10. Definition of aging The National Institute on Aging states that “in its broadest sense, aging merely refers to changes that occur during the lifespan.” The World Health Organization (WHO) defines aging as a “process of progressive change in the biological, psychological and social structure of individuals.”

11. Social Theories of Aging Disengagement Theory . Activity Theory Continuity Theory

12. Successful aging Successful Aging is a prominent theme in gerontology. The phrase was introduced by Robert Havighurst in 1961 at a time when Cumming & Henry’s ‘‘Disengagement Theory’’ 1961 ) was popular

13. Successful aging: conti .. Concept was also referred differently. Various synonymous terms used include positive aging, active aging, aging well, healthy aging, optimum aging, productive aging, vital aging, and robust aging.   In recent decades, the most popular term in the united states has been successful aging. In Europe has been active aging.

14. WHO Definition of successful ageing WHO defines  Healthy Ageing  “as the process of developing and maintaining the  functional ability  that enables  wellbeing  in older age”. 

15. Definition of successful aging According to Rowe And Kahn Successful aging to include three main components. Having low probability of disease and associated disability, High cognitive and physical functioning, Active engagement with life Further emphasized that successful aging does not merely involve the absence of disease or maintenance of functional capabilities, but requires combination of both along with active engagement with life.

16. Obstacles for successful ageing Poverty Social inferiority Social isolation Physical weakness Powerlessness and humiliation Grover, S. (2016).

17. Factors contribute for successful aging

18. Physical factors A person’s physical health before the age of 50 Absence of cigarette and alcohol abuse A healthy body mass index (between 21 and 29) at the age of 50 Moderate exercise Fewer chronic medical conditions

19. Psychological factor Psychological factors as predictive of successful aging Lower rates of depression and higher rates of resilience are more likely to age well. Feeling that one has a purpose in life . People that have mature (adaptive) defences.

20. Social Factors A happy marriage a greater social support and more social contacts Higher education

21. Strategy to lead successful ageing

22. Physical activity contributes to reducing the risk of several diseases associated with aging including cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease and osteoarthritis American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, at least 150 minutes of moderate weekly physical activity (30 minutes, 5 days/week) is recommended to obtain health benefits 10 Harmell , A. L . et.all (2014).

23. several epidemiological studies demonstrating a relationship between higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of cognitive decline and/or enhanced cognitive functioning in domains such as verbal memory, executive functioning, attention, and global cognition. One study of 1324 subjects reported that moderate (as opposed to light or vigorous) exercise in mid-life and late-life was associated with a reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment. Geda , Y. E et.all (2010).

24. Cognitive Stimulation/Remediation Encouraged to independently engage in daily cognitive stimulating activities. Reading, Practicing crossword puzzles Playing board/card game There is some evidence to suggest that frequent engagement in cognitively stimulating activities for at least six hours per week may reduce the risk of incident dementia. Hughes TF . Et. All 2010

25. Diet/Nutrition Caloric restriction High consumption of fruit and vegetables High ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fats

26. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Yoga and meditation are potentially impactful interventions Benefit is in improving sleep.

27. Social Engagement Social engagement can be defined as making social and emotional connections with other people such as family/friends and the community (e.g., being an active participant in clubs, religious organizations, volunteer work). The association between social engagement and health and well-being has been well- documented throughout the lifespan. In many ways, increased age can be considered a risk factor for social withdrawal, as a result of physical decline and retirement. A recent meta- analysis found that social engagement was as strong a protective factor for health as many other established risk factors.

28. Strategy to lead successful ageing Cognitive stimulation ‐ mental activity Healthy diet, eat right quantity Self‐management programs Avoid smoking Moderate alcohol use Good oral hygiene Health screening Minimizing stress Social involvement Immunizations

29. Strategy to lead successful ageing Clean environment Home safety Attitude of lifelong learning Active involvement a hopeful outlook Maintain a positive outlook on life Take good care of your health Remain active Stay in close contact with family and friends Remain mentally active ‐ learn new skills Meditation Yoga Sandeep Grover.2017

30. Role of social work Social assessments Advocating Network and liaise Empower themselves Counseling Work with families and carers Risk assessment and risk management

31. Conclusion It is important to take a holistic view of what contributes to aging successfully. Those that are most likely to age well have good physical and psychological health as well as a social support network. Successful aging is not only the absence of chronic illness, but the perceived life satisfaction of the elderly person.

32. References Robson, S. M., Hansson, R. O., Abalos , A., & Booth, M. (2006). Successful aging: Criteria for aging well in the workplace. Journal of Career Development, 33(2), 156-177. Gingold , R., & Gingold , R. (1992). Successful ageing. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Raju, S. S. (2014). Studies on ageing in India: A review. Population Ageing in India, 180. Galligan, D. (2002). Psychosocial Factors that Promote Successful Aging. Journal of Aging and Health, 12(4), 470-89. Carver, L., Beamish, R., & Phillips, S. (2018). Successful Aging: Illness and Social Connections. Geriatrics, 3(1), 3. Weichold , K., & Sharma, D. (2014). ISSBDBulletin . 2016 BULLETIN Number 1 Serial No. 69 The Role of the Social Worker with Older Persons Prepared by: The Irish Association of Social Workers’ (IASW) Special Interest Group on Ageing (SIGA) Revision: August 2011 Harmell , A. L., Jeste , D., & Depp, C. (2014). Strategies for successful aging: a research update. Current psychiatry reports, 16(10), 476.

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