Sugar beet.pptx details cultivation practices of sugarbeet

details cultivation practices of sugarbeet

1. Sugar beet Botanical Name :- Beta Vulgaris Family:- Chenopodiaceae Local name:- Sharkarakand , Beet . Origin -Mediterranean Region -Sugar beet is cultivated mostly in temperate region . - It is a biennial crop but usually cultivated as an annual crop for sugar and for the seed production till second year . - Sugar beet has a larger tap root and reduced stem .

2. Economic importance :- - It provides about 44% of world sugar production . -It produces about 50 – 70 tonnes of roots/ha. - sugar content of 15-16% & on an average sugar recovery of 10-12 % . Dry pulp contains 60% carbohydrates (CHO), 5% protein. -The molasses can be used for feed and manufacturing Citric acid, Yeast, antibiotics . - Sugarbeet also yields 7-10 tonnes of green tops useful as a fodder to cattle or for green manuring . - Sugarbeet is useful for cultivation on salty soils where Sugarcane is poorly yielding .

3. Soil and Climate :- Soil :- - can be grown in well-drained sandy loam to clays loam soils . - Heavy soils should be avoided . -It can grown saline alkaline soils with pH value as high as 9.5. Climate :- - Temperate & cold climate - It is highly versatile & can be raised successfully in any region with temperature ranging from 12 to 45ºC. -Germination-15 ºC -Growth & sugar accumulation-20-22ºC is

4. Land preparation :- - Sugarbeet requires good firm seedbed. -Field can be prepared by 1- deep plough . -Followed by 2 to 3 cross harrowings . -Planking should be done to make seedbed smooth. -FYM – 20-30 t/ha – last harrowing . Seeds & Sowing :- Sowing Time – 15 th October – 15 th November Spacing - 45-60 x 20-25 cm \ Methods of Sowing : Dibbling Dibbling : 2-3 seeds dibbled at a distance of 20-25 cm on both sides of the ridge Sowing Depth : 4-5cm Seed Rate : - 8-10kg/ha Seed Treatment: To ensure better germination, seeds are soaked in plain water for 4-5 hours. Plant population – 80,000- 1,00,000/ha.

5. Varieties:- US-35 , US-75, Maribo Anglo Poly, Maribo Resista Poly, Triplex, Maribo magna Poly, shows good performance in Indian conditions. In Maharashtra- Maribo Resista Poly, Triplex is good . Manures & Fertilizers : - FYM – 20-30 t/ha N:P:K 100-120 kg/ha :80-120 kg/ha :100-120 kg/ha. Weed control :- The crop should be kept weed free at least for the first 35-45 days. Approximately 3-4 hand weeding are enough to maintain weed free crop for the good yield. Chemical weed control:- Pendimethalin herbicide @ 1-1.5 kg a.i ./ha + 500 liter water as pre- emergence spray.

6. Earthing up :- - The soil should be little loosened and earthing up of the crop should be done in December after finishing the last top dressing of ‘N’ fertilizer. Water Management :- - The crop can not tolerate drought. - hence it is very sensitive to inadequate water supply - excessive irrigation is highly detrimental to the root quality of the crop. -Interval of irrigation – 10-12 days. -Lighter & frequent irrigations are better than heavier irrigations .

7. Harvesting & Yield :- -It has been found that sugar in roots is about 10% at the beginning of February, gradually increases to 15-16% - Mid of March. - Brix reading above 19º. -At the time of harvesting there must be enough moisture in field to facilitate harvesting . -The harvesting may be done by running a plough along the rows on both sides. -Also roots are pulled by kudali . -The roots should not be washed with water as it causes a rapid deterioration. Yield : - 35-50 tonnes /ha – beet roots - 8 – 10 tonnes of green tops/ha  

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