Sugarbeet (beta vulgaris l

Rani Lakshmi Bai central Agricultural University

1. Sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L .) Presented by – Sunil B hardwaj First batch - RLBCAU

2. Sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L .) Introduction Sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris ) is a temperate crop and is mainly cultivated in the temperate countries where sugarcane cultivation is not feasible Sugerbeet is a plant whose root contain a high conc. of sucrose, commercially grown for sugar production. 2 nd most imp. s ugar crops after sugarcane accounting for about 22% world sugar prod. and distributed in 45 country.

3. Sugarbeet root contains 15-20 % sucrose and in the process of sugar extraction, 12-14% recovery is possible. Unlike sugarcane where sugar extraction is done through milling, the sugar from the beet, is extracted by diffusion process. The beet roots are washed and cut into thin slices ( cossetts ). These slices are put in hot water which soaks the sugar out and forms syrup. The syrup is then purified, filtered and boiled again. Finally it is dried to sugar, which is packaged and marketed.

4. uses Apart from sugar, ethanol can also be extracted Ethenol can be blended with petrol or diesel to the extent of 10% and used as biofuel . pharmaceutical industry for vitamin B12 production Beet top used as a green fodder Beet pulp used as cattle feed Sugarbeet being a salt tolerant crop, can also be grown in saline soils where other crops fail to grow It ameliorates salt affected soils with promoting soil fertility

5. Top Ten Sugar Beet Producers—2013 Rank country Production(Mt) 1   Russia 39.2 2   France 33.6 3   United States 29.8 4   Germany 22.8 5   Turkey 16.5 6   China 12.1 7   Ukraine 10.8 8   Poland 10.6 9   Egypt 10.0 10   United Kingdom 8.0 Total World 250.2

6. Origin Mediterranean region

7. Botanical Discription Family – chenopodiaceae Biennial plant, but usually cultivated as an annual for its sugar. Roots – tap root system Stem – reduced in size( condensed) Leaves – simple and smooth with a large blade and petiole. Inflorescence- terminal open penicle Flowers are imperfect, regular without patels

8. Soil and Climate Cold climate crop. Average rainfall – 300-350 mm Germination temp -15 *c Ideal temperature – 20-22*c , temp. more than 30*c retard sugar accumulation Well drained sandy loam to clay loam soil Soil with pH value upto 9.5

9. Field preparation One deep ploughing with MB plough followed by 2-3 cross harrowing Planking should be done after ploughing Proper levelling is done so that water may not stand in field

10. Seed and sowing It can planted on rows on flat bed, or on 15 cm high ridges , 50 cm apart. Seed depth 2.5 cm Sowing is done by dibbling manually or by drilling. Seed rate require 6 pockets (3.6kg / ha.- One pocket contains 20000 seeds (600 g)] Optimum population is 1,00,000-1,20,000 /ha Spacing 50 cm*20 cm . Sowing time – oct 15 to Nov 10 are found to be optimum

11. Manure and Fertilizers Manures and Fertilizers Basal Application Top dressing Manures 12.5 tonnes /ha - Biofertilizers Azospirillum Phosphobacteria 2 kg /acre (10 pockets) 2 kg /acre (10 pockets) - Fertilizers Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium 120kg/ha (60kg at basal) 80kg/ha 80-100kg/ha 30kg – during thinning , 30kg – earthing - -

12. Thinning The multigerm seeds of sugarbeet give rise to a no. of seedlings and hence it is necessary to thin them to maintain optimum plant population. Thinning is done after 30 DAS. The earthing up operations coincides with top dressing of N fertilizer.

13. Water Management Crop require 7 -8 irrigation, depending upon seasonal. One to two irrigation before thinning Subsequent irrigation at an interval of 20-25 days. Sugarbeet is sensitive to the inadequacy of water, so timely irrigation is necessory . water does not remain standing in the field for more than 24hr.

14. Weed control Sugarbeet crop is kept weed free for first 35-45 days, because severe compitition in early stages. 3-4 hand weeding Pre-emergence herbicide – pyramin @ 3kg a.i /ha (600-1000 litre of water). Post emergence – Betanal @ 2kg a.i /ha (600-1000 litre of water).

15. Disease and Insect pest Disease Causal organism control Sclerotium root rot Sclerotium rolfsii Drenching of brassicol (75% wp ) @ 15kg/ha Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora beticola Bavistin @ 0.75 kg Insects grassy cutworm Bihar hairy caterpiller Sugarbeet army worm

16. Harvesting and yield Done from march end to may and delayed upto mid june . Roots can be loosened in soil by MB plough. After collection, the tops and crown are cut off from the roots. Now roots are ready to be sent to factory. Yield – 500 to 700 quintals