Summer Training for Agricultural Engineering

central institute of post harvest and engineering technology

1. Deepak and Harish Kumar
Designation
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

2. OUTLINE
•INTRODUCTION
•NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DESTONNING
TOOL
•CONCEPTS OF DESIGN OF LITCHI SEED
REMOVING TOOL
•MATERIAL AND METHOD
•TABLE AND OBSERVATIONS
•RESULT AND DISCUSSION
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3. INTRODUCTION
•Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
is an important subtropical
fruit tree of the sapindaceae
family, indigenous to parts of
Southern China.
•Litchi is a non-climacteric fruit and its shelf-life at room
temperature is usually less than 72 hr.
•With the increasing popularity of exotic fruits on the
world market, litchi production has steadily increased in
the past decades.
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4. LITCHI SPECIFICATION
Scientific name Litchi chinensis
Genus Litchi
Species Chinensis
Family Sapindaccae
Origin Southern china, Taiwan and Southeast Asia
Fruit type Nuts : large seed, edible aril (flesh) and thin, tough, corky per carp (skin)
Per carp color Pink-red to plum
Aril Succulent, translucent cream or white, exotic and sweet
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In India, Litchi ranks:-
7th in area.
9th in production among fruit crops.
6th in value terms.

5. •BIHAR is the leading
litchi production
states in india with
45.6% of total
production of litchi
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6. Different factors involved in deterioration
1. Respiration
2. Transpiration
3. Physiological Breakdown
4. Physical Damage
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1. Temperature
2. Relative Humidity
3. Atmospheric
Composition
4. Light
Biological factors Environmental factors

7. NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT OF DESTONNING TOOL
•To avoid physiological loss in weight.
•To preserve litchi without its seed for further
product formation or for transportation and canning
purposes
•Litchi seed should be removed before canning
because it was found that lychee seeds
contained methylenecyclopropylglycine
 (MCPG),
a
 homologue of 
hypoglycinA, which
caused
 hypoglycemia
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8. DESTONNING TOOL
•Destoning tool is used to
remove/seprate the seed from
the peeled litchi and left the
seedless pulp around
•This tool was developed by Dr.
Bhushan R. Bibwe in July,
2018 but due to seasonal fruit
it was tested only in June-July
2019
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9. 08/28/24 9
STAND
BASE/ PLATFORM
SPRING
PUSHING ROD
CUP

10. 08/28/24 10
Working mechanism of seed removing
tool
Diagram of push rod and cup used in
peeled litchi seed removing tool

11. CONCEPTS OF DESIGN OF LITCHI SEED REMOVING TOOL
•Litchi seed is removed by a
push rod which has a slot in it
of specific depth.
•After that , The peeled litchi is
feed into cup with the
manually feed mechanism and
then push rod pushes the seed
downward due to which seed
is removed from litchi through
hole at base of cup and then
after pulp is collected from
holding cup.
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12. MATERIAL AND METHODS
•Size
The principal dimensions of fruit and seeds in term of length,
width and thickness were measured with the help of Digital
Vernier Caliper having a reading accuracy of 0.01mm.
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13. Procedure for calculating loss (%)
1. Measure the length(a), width(b) and thickness(c) of litchi fruit with the help of
Digital Vernier Caliper.
2.Weight of single fruit, seed and pulp or seed weight was measured by using
electronic weighing balance.
3.Put the peeled litchi on the cup under push rod and press the push rod
manually so that, the seed get removed from the peeled litchi and juice was
collected in small beakers.
4.After destoning of peeled litchi, again calculate the weight and dimensions of
pulp and seed separately.
5. Calculate the loss (%) from formula
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14. •Tool A: After observation of the physical properties of litchi seed and
pulp, the dimensions of Tool-A were decided and it was fabricated in
CIPHET, Abohar workshop. The observed dimensions of tool A were as
follows.
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TOP DIAMETER
(in mm)
Outer diameter
( in mm)
Thickness of tool
( in mm)
Total length of
tool (in mm)
Depth of tool
(in mm)
18.80 16.82 0.37 70.14 13.10

15. 08/28/24 CALCULATED ON 8/07/2019 15

16. DEVELOPMENT OF MUTLIPLE PUSH ROD MODEL
Sr. NO TOP DIAMETER
(in mm)
Outer diameter
( in mm)
Thickness of tool
( in mm)
Total length of tool (in
mm)
Depth of tool
(in mm)
1 14.94 13.79 0.18 102.94 12.26
2 14.50 13.60 0.28 102.94 13.54
3 14.57 13.57 0.32 102.86 11.76
4 14.65 14.26 0.23 103.20 11.35
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17. 08/28/24 As per calculated on 16/07/2019 17

18. Improvement in multiple push rod model
08/28/24 As per calculated on 17/07/201918
s.no TOP DIAMETER
(in mm)
Outer diameter
( in mm)
Thickness of tool
( in mm)
Total length of tool (in
mm)
Depth of tool (in
mm)
1 11.67 11.17 0.19 103.16 10.65
2 11.57 11.01 0.18 103.05 9.86
3 11.65 11.11 0.20 102.51 10.38
4 11.59 10.80 0.21 102.61 11.23

19. Result and discussion
•The average length, width and thickness of peeled litchi were 32.015 mm,
29.605 mm, 26.72 mm, respectively.
•The average Geometric mean and average sphericity of peeled litchi were
44.163 mm, 0.7612 respectively
•The average weight of peeled litchi was 16.53gm. The average length,
width and thickness of litchi seeds were 26.42 mm, 12.415mm, 11.60 mm
respectively. The average Geometric mean and average sphericity of litchi
seeds were observed 14.96 mm and 0.56515 respectively.
•The average weight of litchi seeds was 4.02927gm respectively
•The average loss in doing the operation is 6.26% .The average ratio of seed
to the pulp in seed is 38.71%
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20. References
•http://www.fao.org/3/ac684e/ac684e08.htm
•https://www.ibtimes.co.in/bihar-indias-top-litchi-
producing-state-728544
•http://nhb.gov.in/model-project-reports/Horticulture
%20Crops/Litchi/Litchi1.htm
•https://www.nrclitchi.org/
•http://tmnehs.gov.in/writereaddata/chap-19.pdf
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21. SYMBOL OF TRUST