Super Computer

A complete Presentation on "Super Computer" specially for Pakistan

1. SUPER COMPUTERS SUBMITTED TO: Sir Abdul Rehman sb SUBMITTED BY: Zeeshan Rehman(2014-B.Sc-48) Saqib Javed(2014-B.Sc-10)

2. Definition History Processing speed OS Of SuperComputers SuperComputer Challenges Uses Of SuperComputers “SUNWAY TAIHULIGHT” The TOP SuperComputer SuperComputers In Pakistan

3. A supercomputer is a computer with a high-level computational capacity compared to a general-purpose computer. Super computers were designed and built to work on extremely large jobs. It is most expensive(about billion$) & most power full.

4. 1946: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert construct ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) at the University of Pennsylvania.

5. 1956: IBM develops the Stretch supercomputer for Los Alamos National Laboratory. It remains the world's fastest computer until 1964. 1957: Seymour Cray co-founds Control Data Corporation (CDC) and pioneers fast. 1976: First Cray-1 supercomputer is installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. It manages a speed of about 160 MFLOPS.

6. 1989: Seymour Cray starts a new company, Cray Computer, where he develops the Cray-3 and Cray-4. 1993: Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel becomes the world's fastest computer using 166 vector processors.

7. 1997: ASCI Red, a supercomputer made from Pentium processors by Intel and Sandia National Laboratories, becomes the world's first teraflop (TFLOP) supercomputer. 2008: The Jaguar supercomputer built by Cray Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory becomes the world's first petaflop (PFLOP) scientific supercomputer. Briefly the world's fastest computer, it is soon superseded by machines from Japan and China.

8. Supercomputer computational power is rated in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations Per Second). The first commercially available supercomputers reached speeds of 10 to 100 million FLOPS. The next generation of supercomputers is predicted to break the petaflop level. This would represent computing power more than 1,000 times faster than a teraflop machine.

9. A relatively old supercomputer such as the Cray C90(1990s) has a processing speed of only 8 gigaflops. It can solve a problem, which takes a personal computer a few hours, in .002 seconds.

10. Most supercomputers run on a Linux or Unix operating system, as these operating systems are extremely flexible, stable, and efficient. Supercomputers typically have multiple processors and a variety of other technological tricks to ensure that they run smoothly.

11. A supercomputer generates large amounts of heat and therefore must be cooled with complex cooling systems.

12. How SuperComputers Are Cooled?

13. Another issue is the speed at which information can be transferred or written to a storage device, as the speed of data transfer will limit the supercomputer's performance.

14. Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems involving quantum mechanical physics, weather forecasting, climate research, physical simulations, Major universities, military agencies and scientific research laboratories depend on and make use of supercomputers very heavily.

15. Some Common Uses more of Supercomputers in industry. 1)Predicting climate change. 2)Testing nuclear weapons. 3)Recreating the Big Bang. 4 ) Forecasting hurricanes.

16. How Do Scientists Use SuperComputers:

17. Predicting climate change: The challenge of predicting global climate is immense. There are hundreds of variables, from the earth's surface(high for icy spots,low for dark forests) to the vagaries of ocean currents.Dealing with these variables requires supercomputing capabilities. One model, created in 2008 at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, mapped the aerosol particles and turbulence of clouds to a resolution of 30 square feet.

18. Testing Nuclear W eapons : The Stockpile Stewardship program uses non- nuclear lab tests and, yes, computer Simulations to ensure that the country's cache of nuclear weapons are functional and safe.Most work for stockpile stewardship is undertaken at United States Department of Energy national laboratories. It costs more than $4 billion annually to test nuclear weapons and build advanced science facilities

19. Recreating the Big Bang It takes big computers to look into the Biggest question of all: What is the origin of the universe? The "Big Bang" or the initial expansion of all energy and matter in the universe, happened more than 13 billion years ago in trillion-degree Celsius temperatures, but supercomputer simulations make it possible to observe what went on during the universe's birth.

20. Forecasting hurricanes This supercomputer, with its cowboy moniker and 579 trillion calculations per second processing power, resides at the TACC in Austin, Texas. Using data directly from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency airplanes, Ranger calculated likely paths for the storm. According to a TACC report, Ranger improved the five-day hurricane forecast by 15 percent.

21. China revealed its latest supercomputer, a system with 10.65 million compute cores built entirely with Chinese microprocessors. Its theoretical peak performance is 124.5 petaflops .It is the first system to exceed 100 petaflops. A petaflop equals one thousand trillion (one quadrillion) sustained floating-point operations per second.  It was designed by the National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering & Technology (NRCPC) and is located at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi in the city of Wuxi, in Jiangsu province, China.

22. National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Announced Pakistan’s Fastest SuperComputer,It is located at NUST Islamabad. The supercomputer installed in NUST is the fastest GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) based parallel computing system operating in any organization/academic institution in Pakistan till date. The supercomputer can perform parallel computation at a peak speed of 132 Teraflops (132 Trillion Operations per second).

23. Specifications: 66 NODE supercomputer with 30,992 processor cores 2 Head Node (16 Processor Cores) 32 Dual Quad Core Computer Nodes (256 Processor Cores) 21.6TB SAN storage

24. Other SuperCumputers In Pakistan: GIK Institute COMSATS KRL KUST Riphah International University

25. QUESTIONS ?