Super Critical Fluid Extraction (SCFE) Ppt.pptx

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a technique used to extract compounds from a variety of materials using a supercritical fluid as the extracting solvent. Supercritical fluids are materials that are heated and compressed to a point where they are neither a gas nor a liquid, but instead exist in a supercritical state that exhibits properties of both.

In SFE, the supercritical fluid is typically carbon dioxide (CO2), which is easily available, non-toxic, and has a low critical temperature and pressure. When CO2 is heated and compressed above its critical point, it becomes a highly efficient solvent, capable of dissolving a wide range of organic compounds.

SFE is used in a variety of industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, to extract natural compounds from raw materials. It is a relatively simple and efficient process that requires no additional solvents, making it a greener alternative to traditional extraction methods. Additionally, the use of supercritical fluids in extraction can result in higher purity and yield of the desired compounds, as well as reduced processing times.

1. Super Critical Fluid extraction Guided by: Dr Anil Kumar Chauhan Professor (Food Technology) Head of the Department Prepared By: Harinandan Dev 22412FST010
M.Sc (Ag.) Food Technology
Batch 2022-2024(1 st Sem)

2. Table of contents Introduction What is Super Critical Fluid Extraction? Phase Diagram of Super Critical Fluid Physicochemical Properties of Super Critical Fluid Properties of Super Critical Fluid Working of Super Critical Fluid Extraction Critical Properties of selected Substance. i.e. SCF-CO2 Applications

3. Super Critical Fluid extraction? Definition:
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is the process of separating one component (the extractant) from another (the matrix) using supercritical fluids as the extracting solvent. Supercritical fluid is any substance (liquid or gas) at a temperature and pressure above its critical point (the end point of phase equilibrium curve), where distinctive gas or liquid phase don not exist and exhibit the properties of both gas and liquid. Both the temperature and pressure of the supercritical fluid are higher than the critical point.

4. Phase Diagram of Super Critical Fluid The phase diagram of a substance shows the relationships between temperature, pressure, and the different states of matter (solid, liquid, gas). In the case of a supercritical fluid, the phase diagram includes an additional region beyond the critical point.

5. Cont. The phase diagram of a substance can be divided into three regions:
Solid Region: The substance is in a solid state at low temperature and high pressure.
Liquid Region: The substance is in a liquid state at moderate temperature and pressure.
Gas Region: The substance is in a gas state at high temperature and low pressure.

6. Cont. In addition to these three regions, a supercritical fluid region exists beyond the critical point of the substance. The critical point is the point on the phase diagram where the liquid and gas phases have the same density, and the distinction between the two phases disappears. At a certain temperature and pressure condition, liquid and vapour phases of a substance become indistinguishable. Known as CRITICAL CONDITION
Substances above critical point “SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS” (SCF)

7. Exhibit physicochemical properties Liquid like: Density, negligible surface tension, solvating characteristics (solvent power, dissolve chemical constituent like liquid)
Gas like: Viscosity, compressibility and relatively high diffusivity (diffuse/transport through solid like gas) Because of these properties, enable supercritical fluids to penetrate deeper and faster to solid matrices And thus extraction efficiency and extraction rate is enhanced with less thermal degradation occur.

8. Properties of Super Critical Fluid High Solubility: Supercritical fluids have a high solubility for non-polar and low-polarity compounds.
Selectivity: The solubility of a compound in a supercritical fluid depends on its polarity, molecular weight, and shape
Low Viscosity: Supercritical fluids have a low viscosity.
Adjustable Properties: The properties of a supercritical fluid, such as density and polarity, can be easily adjusted by changing the pressure and temperature.

9. Working of SFE Process

10. Super Critical Fluid

11. Sample preparation Grinding or milling the sample: to increase its surface area and facilitate the extraction process. Drying the sample: that could affect the extraction efficiency. Weighing the sample: to ensure that the extraction conditions are optimized. . Packing the sample: packed into an extraction vessel, which is typically a stainless-steel cylinder or a glass tube. Preparing the extraction solvent: carbon dioxide, is pressurized to its supercritical state using a compressor or pump. Performing the extraction: The supercritical fluid is passed through the sample, and the extracted compounds are collected in a separate container. Post-extraction processing: The extracted compounds can be further purified or analyzed using various techniques, such as chromatography or spectroscopy.

12. Drawback and Disadvantage of SF Carbon dioxide SC-CO2 is that it has low polarity (non-polar nature) and can be less effective in extracting polar compounds from plant materials. However, incorporating an organic solvents as modifier such as methanol or ethanol can significantly enhance extraction efficiency Requirement of high pressure and temperature, it increases the operational cost of this method as compared to conventional methods of extraction.
Cost of the equipment is very high.

13. Application of Super Critical Fluid Extraction (SFE) More versatile extraction technology for obtaining residual solvent free extracts SFE has been successfully applied to the production of vegetable oils. SFE has been magnificently used in pharmaceutical and food analysis and also has polymer as well as environmental applications. Commercial scale used for the decaffeination of coffee ad tea, refining of cooking oil, recovering flavour from the spices. Many essential oil commercially extracted by this technology. Examples ginger oil, nutmeg oil, rosemary. Oil, cinnamon bark oil, thyme oil etc.

14. Source And Active Principle of Isolated by SFE