SUPPOSITORIES BY AKASH SURESH (BDS) .pptx

SUPPOSITORIES BY AKASH SURESH (BDS)

1. SUPPOSITORIES AKASH SURESH THIRD YEAR BDS MALABAR DENTAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTRE

2. DEFINITION Solid dosage form of medicament for insertion into body cavities other than mouth They may be inserted into rectum, vagina or nasal cavity. Incorporated into suppository base and either melt or dissolve in the body cavity to release the medicament. Available in different shapes and sizes.

3. ADVANTAGES Easily administered to children, old persons & to unconscious patients who cannot swallow the drug easily. Inserted into body cavity to produce local effect. Rapid absorption of the drug occurs from the rectum Bypass first pass metabolism & gastric acid inactivation of the drug. Unit dosage forms of drug.

4. DISADVANTAGES Irritant drugs cannot be administered Preparation of suppositories is not easy. The suppositories are required to be stored at low temperature (10-20°c). If not stored properly, it will melt & the shape may change slightly.

5. TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES URETHRAL SUPPOSITORIES NASAL SUPPOSITORIES EAR CONE SUPPOSITORIES

6. For adults weigh 2gm; Torpedo shape; made from Theobroma oil; for children weigh 1 gm. TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES A.Rectal Suppositories B.Vaginal Suppositories Also known as Pessaries; weigh about 4gm; conical, rod or wedged shaped; inserted into vagina. Also known as Urethral Bougies; introduction to urethra; thin, long and cylindrical; weigh 2-4gm. C.Urethral Suppositories

7. Also known as Nasal Bougies; insertion to nasal cavity; thin and cylindrical shape; weigh 1gm TYPES OF SUPPOSITORIES D.Nasal Suppositories E.Ear Cones Also known as Aurinaria ; insertion to ear; thin, long and cylindrical shape; 1gm

8. NEW TRENDS IN SUPPOSITORIES Tablet Suppositories Layered Suppositories Capsule Suppositories Coated Suppositories Disposable Suppositories

9. SUPPOSITORY BASES Suppository bases play an important role in maintaining the shape, solidity and also play an important role when inserted into body cavity. Ideal Properties: It should melt at body temperature or dissolve or disperse in body fluids. It should retain it's shape while being handled. It should release the medicament readily. It should be non-toxic & non-irritant to the mucous membrane. It Should be stable on storage. It should be stable, if heated above it's melting point. It should be easily mouldable and should not adhere to the mould . It should be compatible with a large number of drugs

10. CLASSIFICATION OF SUPPOSITORY BASES CLASSIFICATION WATER SOLUBLE & WATER MISCIBLE BASES GLYCERO- GELATIN SOAP-GLYCERINE POLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS MISCELLENOUS BASES POLYOXYL 40 STEARATE FATTY BASES THEOBROMA OIL EMULSIFIED THEOBROMA OIL HYDROGENATED OIL EMULSIFYING BASES WITEPSOL MASSA ESTARINUM MASSUPOL

11. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF SUPPOSITORIES Rolling method Hot process or fusion method Cold compression method 1 2 3

12. a) Rolling Method It is the ancient method, where the suppository base is rolled & then the desired shape is given with hand. Not used now-a-days.

13. b) Hot Process Or Fusion Method It is the commonly used method. Here, the suppository base is melted, the medicament is incorporated in it & filled in lubricated mold. On cooling, the suppositories are removed from the mold.

14. Displacement Value The volume of suppository for particular mould is uniform but its weight will vary because of difference in density of base and medicament used For this displacement value of medicament is taken in consideration Displacement value is defined as “the quantity of drug which displaces one part of the base”

15. Steps to calculate displacement value

16. c) Cold Compression Method Useful for thermolabile & insoluble drugs as heating & stirring of the base with medicament is not required. Cocoa butter is grated & mixed with the ingredients. The compression of this mass is done on hand or power-operated compression machines.

17. The tests are:- 1)Uniformity of weight test 2)Melting range test 3)Liquefaction or softening time test 4) Breaking test 5)Disintegration/dissolution test Evaluation Of Suppositories

18. Suppositories are packed in shallow Partitioned card board boxes or in aluminium foil strips, to avoid contact with each other PACKAGING OF SUPPOSITORIES

19. Suppositories are meant to be Stored in a cold place (refrigerator). Do not freeze the suppositories. STORAGE

20. “STORE IN A COOL PLACE” “ NOT TO BE TAKEN ORALLY” "FOR RECTAL USE ONLY." LABELLING OF SUPPOSITORIES

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