Surface mining

surface mining introduction, methods, machinery used. this was presented by me in college. hope u guys make use of it.

1. surface mining Mohammad Esa Rasuly [email protected] Esmatulla Ahmadi Safiullah zahid III- B.Tech Mining Engineering GIET (A) Rajahmundry

2. Minerals Mine Mining Mining Engineer

3. Mining methods There are mainly two method for extraction of minerals which are as follows . Underground Mining Surface Mining

4. Factors influencing choice of mining methods Depth of the deposit Shape of the deposit Thickness of the deposit Gradient of the deposit Availability of m achineries Economic value of minerals Characteristics of roof and floor Photo from www.google.com

5. surface mining Surface mining  is done by removing (stripping) surface vegetation, dirt, and, if necessary, layers of bedrock in order to reach buried ore deposits (or) surface mining is the process of extraction of minerals by removal of overburden . Overburden is the rock or waste material which is lying on the mineral to be owned . Surface mining is also know as , Open pit, Open cast and S trip Mining. Sump should be located at the bottom of the Mine . Height and width of the bench . Drilling and blasting .

6. Sur fac e mining

7. Method of surface mining includes Open-pit mining : Which is the recovery of materials from an open pit in the ground . Quarrying : Identical to open-pit mining except that it refers to sand, stone and clay. Strip mining :Which consists of stripping surface layers off to reveal ore/seams underneath . Mountaintop removal : Commonly associated with coal mining, which involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at depth.

8. Different type of machinery and transport system used in surface mines Drill Machine Shovel + Dumper Dragline Surface Miner Bucket Wheel Excavator In-pit Crusher + Spreader Belt Conveyors System Rail T ransport System Tracks

9. Shovel + dumper

10. Dragline Photo from www.google.com

11. Surface miner

12. Bucket wheel excavator

13. Bucket wheel excavator Photo from www.google.com

14. Advantages of surface Mining Like Underground M ining no minerals are blocked as shaft pillars , supports , roadways etc. Roof control and ventilation is not required . Low cost as compared to Underground Mining . Low labor requirement than Underground Mining. Hazards and dangers are lesser than Underground M ining . Quality control is easy . Female labors can work in Surface Mining. High degree of mechanization is possible . High explosives can be used .

15. Limitation of surface Mining This method can be uneconomic for extracting the minerals at a depth of more than 300 m . There maybe huge environmental problems . Weather affects . Limited by striping ratio. Require a remote area for mine waste deposal . Degradation of surface land .

16. Conclusion About 85% of the world coal is obtained by open cast mining method . By this method, more production can be obtained than underground mining method. Less time required to full fill the production in less than 50% of underground mining method. Greater output per mine , output up to 50 million tones per mine are being obtained in the former USSR as against 8 million tones for the largest Underground Mine. Greater simplicity in auxiliary operation and service .

17. references Surface Mining T echnology (second enlarge edition) by: Samir Kumar Das Elements of Mining Technology (Vol. 1&3) By: D.J.Deshmukh Principles and Practices of Modern Coal Mining By: R.D.Singh Photos from www.Google.com Some information has been taken from www.Wikipedia.org

18. acknowledgements The presenters wish to acknowledge the Management and faculty members of GIET and Aditya engineering colleges for providing an opportunity to do this task. And also the presenters acknowledge the parents, friends for their continuous encouragement in doing this work.

19. Thank you!