sustainable development, green development . Sustainable Development GOAls

Sustainable development . SDG Goals , MDCs

1. Sustainable Development

2. what is sustainability ? ▶ Sustainability means reducing our harm on the environment and ultimately reversing the harm we have already caused. ▶ Sustainability means renewing resources at a rate equal to or greater than the rate at which they are consumed. ▶ Sustainability means living within the resources of the planet without damaging the environment now or in the future. ▶ Sustainability means creating an economic system that provides for quality of life while renewing the environment and its resources. ▶ A sustainable community is one that resembles a living system where all of the resources (human, natural, and economic) are renewed and in balance for perpetuity. ▶ Sustainability is creating a world where everyone can have fulfilling lives and enjoy a rich level of well-being within the limits of what nature can provide. ▶ Sustainability means taking the long-term view of how our actions effect future generations and making sure we don't deplete resources or cause pollution at rates faster than the earth is able to renew them.

3. What is sustainable development?

4. Case study: Here’s why Punjab state has India’s worst cancer crisis https:// www.pri.org/stories/2014- 07-17/here-s-why-punjab-state-has-india-s-worst- cancer- crisis ▶ PUNJAB, India — Three days after her mother died, Rajinder Kaur sat quietly on the edge of a rope cot, staring at her sandaled feet as the buzz of her friends and family filled the courtyard of her village home in Sher Singh Wala in rural Punjab. The 20-year- old nursing student, with a girlish frame and long black braid, listlessly recounted the details of her mother’s last 40 days — from a sudden diagnosis of blood cancer to the unaffordable treatment that left Kaur with few options but to watch the pillar of the family suffer in the hospital until she passed away. Kaur’s mother, who died in May, is among the latest casualties in India’s northern state of Punjab, home to the highest rate of cancer in India. Here, in the country’s breadbasket, 18 people succumb to the disease every day, according to a recent report published by the state government. There are ninety cancer patients per 100,000 people compared to the national average of eighty. And the Malwa region, where Kaur’s family lives, has been dubbed "the cancer belt" of the state because of its particularly high incidence of the disease. In villages like Sher Singh Wala, working class, agricultural communities are bearing the heaviest burden of this complex crisis — one that involves limited resources, lack of political will and a toxic environmental problem that could foreshadow what many other Indian communities will experience as they follow the state’s economic model.

5. ▶ “We need to strike at the root,” said J.S. Thakur, professor and researcher at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, who has conducted extensive studies on cancer in Punjab. While the causes of cancer are complicated and still unknown, Thakur and his team found that contaminated water from rapid industrialization and excessive use of chemical fertilizers for high- yielding crops are contributing to the steep rates in the state. Just miles away from the Kaur family’s home are colossal industrial plants that have polluted the irrigation system in the area.

6. What is green development?

7. What is green economy?

8. Green development ▶ Green development is a real estate development concept that carefully considers social and environmental impacts of development. ▶ It is defined by three sub- categories: environmental responsiveness, resource efficiency, and community and cultural sensitivity. ▶ Environmental responsiveness respects the intrinsic value of nature, and minimizes damage to an ecosystem. ▶ Resource efficiency refers to the use of fewer resources to conserve energy and the environment.

9. How it started? ▶ Green development emerged as a result of the environmental movement in the 1970s. ▶ In the real estate industry, use of the term commenced in 1987 with a report from the World Commission on Environment and Development , entitled "Our Common Future". ▶ The report includes 16 principles of environmental management, designed to foster green development. ▶ It also discusses the traditional model of macroeconomic growth, and its disregard for environmental consequences. ▶ Following this initial movement, the real estate industry experienced a back-and- forth relationship with "green" methodologies; environmental issues often came second behind purely economic factors. ▶ Incessant environmental concern and legislation affecting the real estate sector began to emerge, i.e. Green development.

10. Green development in practice ▶ The Holly Street Village Apartments ▶ The city of Pasadena, California has recently adopted a general plan based on seven guiding principles: community needs and quality of life, preservation of Pasadena's historic character, economic vitality, a healthy family community, lack of need for automobiles, promoted as a cultural, scientific, corporate, entertainment and educational center for the region, and community participation.

11. Inn of the Anasazi ▶ Zimmer Associates International, a real estate development firm, completed the Inn of the Anasazi in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1991. ▶ Robert Zimmer (co- founder) and his partners, Steve Conger and Michael Fuller, ▶ set a goal to construct a building that would, "showcase energy- and resource- saving technologies, strengthen local community, offer first class elegance, and financially reward its participants

12. Inn of the Anasazi

13. Taipei 101 ▶ Taipei 101 , stylized as TAIPEI 101, is a 1,667 feet (508 m) tall skyscraper located in Taipei, Taiwan which has received LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification from the U.S. Green Building Council as the highest score in history. ▶ In this project, "TAIPEI" is an acronym for "technology," "art," "innovation," "people," "environment," and "identity.

14. The Holly Street Village Apartments

15. Critiques of green development ▶ A common critique of green development is that it negatively affects the way real estate developers do business, as it can increase cost and create delay. ▶ For example, becoming LEED- certified can contribute to additional costs. ▶ This includes additional building design and construction fees, interior design and construction fees, building operations and maintenance fees, neighborhood development fees, home and campus fees, and volume program fees ▶ LEED(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design)

16. Sustainable development goal What it is???

17. SDG and MDG ▶ As of August 2015, there were 169 proposed targets for these goals and 304 proposed indicators to show compliance. ▶ The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) replace the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which expired at the end of 2015. ▶ The MDGs were established in 2000 following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations . ▶ Adopted by the 189 United Nations member states at the time and more than twenty international organizations , these goals were advanced to help achieve the following sustainable development standards by 2015.

18. How we set goals

19. Sustainable Development Goals ▶ The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the current harmonized set of seventeen future international development targets. ▶ The Official Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted on 25 September 2015 has 92 paragraphs, ▶ with the main paragraph (51) outlining the 17 Sustainable Development Goals and its associated 169 targets. ▶ This included the following seventeen goals: ▶ The Sustainable Development Goals ( SDGs ) or Global Goals are a collection of 17 interlinked goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all". [1] The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended to be achie ved by the year 2030, are part of a UN Resolution called the "2030 Agenda"

20. Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere Target 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day Target 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Target 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable investment in poverty eradication actions

21. Target 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance Target 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations andreduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters Target 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions Target 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels,based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions

22. Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Target 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. Target 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons

23. Target 2.3 By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment Target 2.4 By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality

24. Target 2.5 By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed

25. Target 2.a Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, inrural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries

26. Target 2.b Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round Target 2.c Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility

27. Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Target 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000live births Target 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births

28. Target 3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS,tuberculosis , malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases Target 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and wellbeing.

29. Target 3.5 Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol Target 3.6 By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents Target 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes quality and affordabl eessential medicines and vaccines for all

30. Target 3.8 Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services and access to safe, effective, Target 3.9 By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination Target 3.a Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate

31. Target 3.b Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases that primarily affect developing Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Target 3.c Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing States Target 3.d Strengthen the capacity of all countries, in particular developing countries, for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks

32. Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Target 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes. Target 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education Target 4.3 By 2030, ensure equal access for all women and men to affordable and quality technical, vocational and tertiary education, including university

33. Sustainable Development Goals ▶ Poverty – End poverty in all its forms everywhere ▶ Food – End hunger , achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture ▶ Health – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages ▶ Education – Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all ▶ Women – Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls ▶ Water – Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all ▶ Energy – Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all ▶ Economy – Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

34. ▶ Infrastructure – Build resilient infrastructure , promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation ▶ Inequality – Reduce inequality within and among countries ▶ Habitation – Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable ▶ Consumption – Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns ▶ Climate – Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts, ensuring that both mitigation and adaptation strategies are in placed ▶ Marine- ecosystems – Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development ▶ Ecosystems – Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems , sustainably manage forests, combat desertification , and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss ▶ Institutions – Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development , provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels ▶ Sustainability – Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable developmen

35. Sustainable development goals

36. Millennium development goals ▶ To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger ▶ To achieve universal primary education ▶ To promote gender equality and empower women ▶ To reduce child mortality ▶ To improve maternal health ▶ To combat HIV/AIDS , malaria , and other diseases ▶ To ensure environmental sustainability (one of the targets in this goal focuses on increasing sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation ) ▶ To develop a global partnership for development

37. Voluntary National Review 2020: What are other achievement of India? ▶ India, home to one- sixth of all humanity, holds the key to the success of the 2030 Agenda. India in its second VNR has made a paradigm shift to a “whole- of- society” approach with Government of India engaging sub- national and local governments, civil society organizations, local communities, people in vulnerable situations and the private sector. ▶ India’s commitment to the SDGs is reflected in its convergence with the national development agenda as reflected in the motto of Sabka Saath Sabka Vikaas (Collective Efforts for Inclusive Growth). ▶ Based on the evidence from the SDG India Index, which measures progress at the subnational level, the country has developed a robust SDG localization model centered on adoption, implementation and monitoring at the State and district levels. ▶ The following narrative further encapsulates India’s progress across the SDGs.

38. Sashakt Bharat - Sabal Bharat ▶ Sashakt Bharat - Sabal Bharat (Empowered and Resilient India) : India has successfully lifted more than 271 million people out of multidimensional poverty through economic growth and empowerment. ▶ Enhanced access to nutrition, child health, education, sanitation, drinking water, electricity and housing, has led to reduced inequalities especially among people in vulnerable situations.

39. Swachh Bharat - Swasth Bharat (Clean and Healthy India) : ▶ Swachh Bharat - Swasth Bharat (Clean and Healthy India) : Through a nationwide initiative triggered by the Clean India Campaign and the National Nutrition Mission, India achieved 100% rural sanitation and sharp reduction in stunting and child and maternal mortality rates. ▶ Universal health coverage has been institutionalized through Ayushmaan Bharat, the world’s largest health protection scheme which provides an annual cover of USD 7,000 to 100 million families, covering nearly 500 million individuals. ▶ India is at the forefront in the call for joint global action to address the COVID- 19 pandemic. The country has extended medical assistance to several countries and has operationalized the SAARC COVID- 19 Emergency Fund with an initial contribution of USD 10 million. ▶ Domestically, India’s response to the COVID- 19 pandemic includes an initial USD 22.5 billion economic stimulus package, comprehensive health coverage for front- line workers and direct cash transfers for the most vulnerable.

40. Samagra Bharat - Saksham Bharat (Inclusive and Entrepreneurial India) : ▶ Samagra Bharat - Saksham Bharat (Inclusive and Entrepreneurial India) : Social inclusion is pursued through universalizing access to nutrition, health, education, social protection, and developing capabilities for entrepreneurship and employment. ▶ Financial inclusion through Jan Dhan-Aadhaar- Mobile (JAM) trinity – near universal access to bank accounts aided by the Jan Dhan Yojana (National Financial Inclusion Scheme); ▶ Aadhaar card (National unique identity number) for over 90% of the population; and expansive access to mobile phones, has propelled new avenues of credit, insurance, and Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) to the poor, including to over 200 million women, thereby accelerating their economic empowerment.

41. Satat Bharat – Sanatan Bharat (Sustainable India) : ▶ Satat Bharat – Sanatan Bharat (Sustainable India) : India’s climate action strategies call for clean and efficient energy systems, disaster resilient infrastructure, and planned eco- restoration. ▶ Acting on its nationally- determined contributions, India has electrified 100% of its villages, reduced 38 million tonnes of CO2 emissions annually through energy efficient appliances, provided clean cooking fuel to 80 million poor households, and set a target to install 450GW of renewable energy and restore 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030. ▶ Globally, India stands third in renewable power, fourth in wind power, and fifth in solar power. ▶ India launched the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure and the International Solar Alliance to leverage global partnerships for climate action and disaster resilience.

42. Sampanna Bharat- Samriddh Bharat (Prosperous and Vibrant India) : ▶ Sampanna Bharat- Samriddh Bharat (Prosperous and Vibrant India) : India is one of the fastest growing emerging market economies with a young population and burgeoning innovation and business ecosystem. ▶ With a GDP of USD 2.72 trillion in 2018- 19, India strives to become a USD 5 trillion economy by 2025, and pursue an inclusive and sustainable growth trajectory by stimulating manufacturing, building infrastructure, spurring investments, fostering technological innovation, and boosting entrepreneurship. ▶ In the spirit of South- South Cooperation, for realizing the 2030 Agenda, India supports developing countries through the USD 150 million India- UN Development Partnership Fund. ▶ In this spirit of regional and global partnerships, and the country’s commitment to ‘leave no one behind’, India steps into the Decade of Action, drawing confidence from its experience in addressing challenges. ▶ Government of India will continue to work collaboratively with all domestic and global stakeholders to accelerate efforts for a sustainable planet for future generations.

43. A brief discussion ▶ MDG and SDG: how relevant they are in present context?

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