sustainable materials with building construction details

about sustainable materials with building construction details

1. Sustainable building materials Ar.khizar aadil SRM -SEAD

2. Latin ( sustinere ) To hold up Maintain Support Or endure sustain For the past three decades, sustainability has come to be used more in reference to human sustainability on the mother planet earth. Hence, the most broadly accepted definition of sustainability

3. “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”  ( Brundtald Commission, 1987) environment economy Social development

4. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

5. What is sustainable architecture? Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large. materials energy spaces

6. What is sustainable building materials?

7. What is sustainable building materials? Sustainable building materials  are those which are produced or sourced locally. These  materials  are containing recycled & industrial waste  materials  and byproducts. These materials have low emission of carbon content

8. Most common materials that has been used in the field of construction are concrete and steel concrete 600 BC – Rome: Although the Ancient Romans weren't the  first  to create  concrete , they were  first  to utilize this material widespread. By 200 BC, the Romans successfully implemented the use of  concrete  in the majority of their construction. production of  concrete  and its ingredients  does  require energy that in turn results in the generation of  carbon dioxide , or  CO2 . The manufacture of  cement  produces about 0.9 pounds of  CO2 Since  cement  is only a fraction of the constituents in  concrete , manufacturing a cubic yard of  concrete  (about 3900 lbs ) is responsible for emitting about 400 lbs of  CO2 . Even though “concrete” unneglectable as it is good in compression

9. Even though “concrete” unneglectable as it is good in compression Hence architects and researchers have been looking for alternatives that provides the yield of compression similar to concrete and here below will see some of the successful alternatives Locally available Obtained through R&D Industrial processed ICF (insulated concrete foam), prefabrication,3d printing homes Straw bale, hempcrete Mycelium, healing concrete

10. Why straw bale building? Apart from the most important environmental issues there are plenty more good reasons to choose straw bales as your favorite building material. The benefits of building with bales include: High energy efficiency Combined with a well-designed passive solar system straw bale houses require very little energy to keep warm in winter and cool in summer.(R value-5.5 to8.5) Healthy choice They do not contain the paints, chemicals, glues and toxins. Combined with clay and lime renders and natural paints or oxides to finish the structure, straw bale walls can breathe and provide a natural, fresh and healthy living environment. The thick walls seal out noise.

11. Cost Advantage Straw bale is a low cost material. At best, the bale walls can reduce your overall budget by 5 to 10 %. Structural capabilities Research has shown that structural load bearing straw bale walls can withstand loads of more than 48,826 kg/m2 walls of up to 3 stories have been constructed, with infill walls, in post and beam type structures

12. Comfort, Creativity & Aesthetics The thickness of the walls provides a feel of calm, safety and comfort. Deep window seats, alcoves, niches, and subtle curves are creative features. Resistance against termites and pests Walls built with tightly pressed straw bales provide fewer spaces for pests to live in than conventional timber frame houses do . Also, because clean and dry straw has very little nutritional substance, it is unable to support a pest population for long in itself if the render is well applied, contains no or only very fine cracks and is well maintained, the risk of any pest infestation into your walls is very low.

13. Fire resistance Fire can’t burn without oxygen, and the dense walls provide a nearly airless environment, so the fire resistance of compacted straw is very good. A test of a plastered wall panel showed a two-hour fire resistance, and an unplastered bale wall had a 30-minute resistance.

14. Maintenance Maintenance is possible, and is very easy. Wedges of the bales can be pulled out quite easily. Hazel pins can be cut through if necessary and fresh straw wedges can be packed tightly back to fill the gap. Drawbacks: Moisture effect Straw bale walls should not exceed moisture content of 15%. Protecting your bale walls with an appropriate foundation, generous roof overhangs, intact & well maintained guttering, porches and verandahs and suitable render materials are the most effective ways to avoid direct rain exposure, splash back, and resulting moisture damage to the walls. Well applied, intact, properly maintained and breathable render will also protect the straw bales from moisture damage.

15. Construction: Typical two- and three-string bale dimensions

16. Load bearing Light frame work Infill method

17. How to build it? Trench and re barring for the footer First step of foundation to build the straw bale house a) Trench and rebarring for the footer b) The trench is filled with concrete, the poured footer is two feet wide

18. Completed double stem walls. The space in between the walls and all cells in the blocks still must be filled with concrete. Second step of foundation to build the straw bale house a) Completed double stem walls and filling in between, b) Section of foundation a b

19. Third step of foundation to build the straw bale house, a) The finished foundation walls to build up a floor b) Compacting the fill dirt with a gasoline powered tamper . a b

20. Raising the door (bucks) onto the foundation The door and window frames are fixed using hold fast and nails

21. Straw bale wall rising a b a) The barn raising tradition of old comes alive again b) Attempting to line up a bale exactly over an all thread rod before lowering it onto the wall.

22. a b placing the roof pate on the top of the wall a) A bale raising tripod makes lifting the bales up into position and lowering them b) Wall and roof plate are finished and ready to receive the pre-manufactured metal trusses.

23. Straw bale house with the roof finished a) Coating the roof b ) The roof finished, the bare straw walls await their first coat of adobe earthen plaster. a b

24. Finishing Elements (windows) a)Window frames were constructed to fit used windows already purchased, then the straw bale walls were built around them. Insulation of the actual windows was very quick b ) The rough plumbing of the drains for sinks, toilets, and tub/shower. a b

25. Thermal insulation a) A radiant foil barrier installed underneath the metal roof sheets will reflect out 95% of the radiant energy b) Recycled natural cotton fiber insulation was installed in the attic space to a depth of 10 inches (R-32). This material consists of left-over scraps from the making of blue jeans. a b

26. Coating the straw bale wall a) A clay slip is sprayed on the bales in preparation for the first coat of earthen plaster. A standard sheetrock texture gun is being used . b) During first plastering the base or scratch coat of plaster consisting of high clay content soil, a little dirt from our yard, chopped straw, lime, and water was applied. a b

27. Decoration of doors and windows a) &b) Colored bottles are being placed over doors and windows - "stained glass on a budget". They are mortared in with a mixture of cement, sand, and peat moss known as "Tufa Stone" which can be easily sculpted and molded around the bottles. a b

28. The final outer shape The outside has now been fully plastered with a base coat of adobe earthen plaster.

29. Interior finishing Straw bale walls shot with lime stucco and ferrous sulfate coloring A pure lime stucco (stabilized with cement) was shot professionally on all interior wall surfaces of our straw bale house. Ferrous sulfate, a common garden fertilizer/additive, was added to the mixture for coloring (turning the plaster a light tan instead of brilliant white).

30. Finishing floor pre-manufactured adobe blocks to make the floor

31. Partitioning of the interior space Our first wall partition was built with the usual 2' x 4' wood frame, but the usual fiberglass insualtion and sheetrock was not used. Rather the wall cavity was filled with a mixture of clay and straw, And then covered and sealed with hand applied lime plaster

32. Other similar locally available materials  water, lime and Hemp will petrify the hemp and turn the lime back into stone.

33. ferrock Ferrock  is five times  stronger than  the typical Portland  cement  (powdery building material made of chalk,  concrete , mortar and clay) and can withstand more compression caused by seismic activity. Ferrock  is created from waste steel dust (which would normally be thrown out)

34. Insulation carbon foam

35.   ICF building  structures are  sustainable  /  green  buildings that qualify for LEED certifications. LEED certified Energy efficiency One of the big advantages of ICFs for homeowners is energy efficiency. A recent groundbreaking study found that ICF walls had 60% less energy loss. This is due to the “ICF Effect”: The continuous foam panels in ICFs provided an R-value of R-25 and above. The thermal mass of the concrete core in the wall. The airtight ICF building envelope.

36. Great comfort sound transmission class of 56 which is far greater than regular walls and which reduces outside noise to a whisper. ICF basements which feel just like another main floor of your home. On the other hand, many regular basements are just used for storage.

37. Safe and disaster resilient ICF homes is that the steel-reinforced concrete walls protect against fires, hurricanes and earthquakes.

38. Quick construction with minimum labour You can even build through both wet and snowy conditions. ICF build required half the crew size and two thirds the total amount of labor hours.

39. Types of ICF construction Thicker like convention wall Thicker only at some Can be used for partition

40. How to construct? Stepped Footing With rebars installation

41. Stacking icfs of specific thickness as per requiement

42. Placing reinforcement of steel between according to the notches in the webs

43. Bucking the doors and window frame

44. Aligning ICF using bracket

45. The ICF roof panels are composed of several 8' (or shorter) sections of hot-wire cut foam pieces that are slid onto two 18 gauge metal studs; screws are placed at each end to hold the foam in place. Before putting the panels on the roof, we unscrewed the ends, slid the sections apart and inserted 13 1/4" long rebar between the studs where each section joins section to anchor the studs (to avoid the tear-out that sometimes happens after sheetrock has been installed). Icf roofing panel

46. Other similar industrial processed sustainable materials 3d print house

47. Completed in 28 hours for a 10-story apartment in China… Prefab construction

48. MYCELIUM SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Mycelium is a crazy futuristic building material that’s actually totally natural it comprises the root structure of fungi and mushrooms. Mycelium can be encouraged to grow around a composite of other natural materials, like ground up straw, in molds or forms, then air-dried to create lightweight and strong bricks or other shapes

49. A mycelium brick is an organic brick that is formed from organic waste and the mycelium of fungus. Mycelium are the thin root-like fibres from fungi which run underneath the ground, when dried it can be used as a super strong, water, mould and fire resistant building material that can be grown into specific forms, thus reducing the processing requirements Mycelium fiber Stored along with grain Combining with saw dust Molding in to brick backing

50. It has self binding along with the other mycelium brick There is just one  disadvantage  to  mycelium  as a construction material: it cannot carry much weight. But then, buildings require many parts that don't have to carry much weight, like insulation material, inside walls and façade cladding.

51. Other similar sustainable materials in research and development

52. Drawbacks Cost of  self healing concrete  is double than conventional  concrete . Growth of any bacteria is not good in any atmosphere media. There is no is code or other code is available. Investigation of calcite precipitation is costly studied. Skilled labour is required.

53. By genetically engineering ordinary baker's  yeast , Belcher and two of her graduate students, Roberto Barbero and Elizabeth Wood, have created a process that can convert carbon dioxide into carbonates that could be used as  building materials . yeast co2 HCO3-

54. Thank you