Sweta Parpati

This is a famous Ayurvedic formulation used in the cases of Asmari (renal calculi), Mutrakrichha (Dysuria), Urinary tract infections

1. SWETa PARPATI DEPARTMENT OF RASASHASTRA AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANA INSTITUTE FOR POST GRADUATE TEACHING & RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA GUJARAT AYURVED UNIVERSITY “ACCREDITED GRADE ‘A’ BY NAAC (CGPA 3.28)” JAMNAGAR – 361008 SCHOLAR OM PANDEY

2. Etymology Sweta indicates the white colour and t he Sanskrit word “ Parpati ” denotes a thin flake like preparation . Kshara Parpati SYNONYM :

3. Introduction Sweta parpati is an Ayurvedic medicine coming in Parpati kalpana , used in the treatment of difficulty in urination, urinary calculi, dyspepsia etc. This is also known as Kshara parpati . Sweta Parpati is different from other Parpati kalpas since it does not contain Parada and Gandhaka as its ingredient. It contains Suryakshara , Sphatika and Navasadara as main ingredients as per AFI and Sidhayogasangraha . Rasodharatantra mentions the addition of Tankana and Karpura to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation.

4. Ingredients INGREDIENTS PARTS USED SURYA KSHARA 16 PART SPHATIKA 2 PART NAUSADARA 1 PART According to A.F.I. and Sidhayogasangraha DOSE : 725 mg to 1.250 gm ANUPANA : SITAL JALA , NARIKELA JALA, SARKARA YUKTA JALA

5. Sr. no Name of ingredient Parts used Melting point 1 Surya Kshara 20 Parts 334 2 Sphatika 5 Parts 92-95 3 Tankana 3 Parts 743 4 Karpura 3 Parts 175 5 Navasadara 3 Parts 338 Sr. no Name of ingredient Parts used Melting point 1 Surya Kshara 20 Parts 2 Sphatika 5 Parts 3 Tankana 3 Parts 4 Karpura 3 Parts 5 Navasadara 3 Parts According to Rasodhhar Tantra DOSE : 125 mg to 1.25 gm Shelf life : 2 Years (revised rule 161 B)

6. I ndications Rogadhikar - Mutrakrichha (Dysuria) Mutraghat (Urinary retention) Ashmari (Renal calculi) Alpamutrata ( Oligouria )

7. Materials & Method Material required for general method of preparation : Kharal yantra , Mud Sharava , Gas burner, flat non reactive cooling surface, metal tongs, air tight containers. Their are 3 stages of preparation : Poorva karma Pradhan karma Paschat karma

8. Poorva karma includes grinding and mixing of Asudhha Surya Kshara, Sphatika and Navasadara in the ratio of 16:2:1. Then collected powder is taken in the Mud sharava .

9. Pradhan karma includes heating of this mixture in mud sharava over fire till the complete melting to liquid stage. Then it is quickly spread over the flat non reactive surface for cooling.

10. Paschata Karma includes collection of this white flakes like Sweta Parpati and storage in the air tight containers after grinding into fine powder.

11. Preparation of 5 batches of Sweta Parpati Sr. No. Initial wt. Final wt. Melting time Loss of wt. % Yield 1 19gm 14gm 3min 5gm 73.68 2 19gm 15gm 2min 4gm 78.94 3 19gm 15gm 2min 4gm 78.94 4 19gm 15gm 2min 4gm 78.94 5 38gm 28gm 2min 10gm 73.68 In this procedure flat clean non reactive surface was used for the cooling of molten mixture. Ph of the raw material was 6.4 Ph of the product was 6.9

12. STARTING HEATING OF MUD SHARAVA IN THE FIRE

13. HEATING MIXTURE OF INGREDIENTS IN THE SHARAVA

14. STARTING OF MELTING STAGE

15. MID STAGE OF MELTING

16. FURTHER MELTING

17. STAGE OF COMPLETE MELTING

18. SPREADING OF MOLTEN MIXTURE INTO FLAT CLEAN SURFACE

19. Another method of forming flakes in circular form In this method of Sweta Parpati formation, pestle of porcelain Khalva yantra is dipped into the molten mixture and circular uniform shape of parpati is obtained instead of spreading on a flat surface.

20. Preparation of 1 batch by using Pestle method Initial wt. of ingredients = 190gm As. Navasadar = 10gm As . Sphatika = 20gm As. Surya Kshara = 160gm Final wt. of product = 140gm Loss of wt. = 50gm % Yield = 73.68% Total melting time was 3 min. Ph was found 6.5 (10% aq.sol )

21. Observations In the initial stage of melting the powder mixture appears to be hydrolyzed. Yellowish colour appears in the starting stage of melting. Smell of ammonia is also observed during melting. Solution becomes nearly transparent on complete melting. On cooling the product becomes bright white in color. Product is odourless with tingling cold taste. Most commonly 73.68% yield is obtained in this formulation.

22. Sweta Parpati formed by using Porcelain pestle

23. Therapeutic uses of individual drugs of S weta P arpati according to R asatarangini INGREDIENTS THERAPEUTIC USES OF PURIFIED DRUGS SURYA KSHARA Vidagdhajirna , Asmari , Mutrakrichha , Agnimandya , Panduroga , Prameha SPHATIKA Visarpa , Switra , Vranaropana , Netraroga , Vishamajwara , Grahani , Rudhirasravarodhini NAVASADARA Gulma , Adhmana , Mukhsosha , Vrishchik Vishanasha , Hridroga , Netrya , Kushtha . TANKANA Adhmana , Sthavara Vishanashaka , Vrana nashana , Moodgarbha pravartaka , Balya . KARPURA Vatahara , Sothahara , Vedanahara .

24. Chemical properties of ingredients Surya Kshara Sphatika Navasadara Tankana Karpura IUPAC NAME Pottasium Nitrate Pottasium Aluminium disulphate Ammonium chloride Sodium tetraborate decahydrate 1,7,7 Trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one FORMULA KNO 3 KAl (SO 4 ) 2 .12H2O NH 4 Cl Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O C 10 H 16 O M.P. 334 92 TO 95 338 743 175-177 B.P. 400 200 520 1575 209 Ph 6.2 (10%aq. sol) 3.0 to 4.0 (10% aq. Sol.) 4.6 to 6.0 (5% aq. Sol.) 9.2 (1% aq. Sol.) ---- Surya Kshara Sphatika Navasadara Tankana Karpura IUPAC NAME Pottasium Nitrate Pottasium Aluminium disulphate Ammonium chloride Sodium tetraborate decahydrate 1,7,7 Trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one FORMULA KNO 3 KAl (SO 4 ) 2 .12H2O NH 4 Cl Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O C 10 H 16 O M.P. B.P. Ph 6.2 (10%aq. sol) 3.0 to 4.0 (10% aq. Sol.) 4.6 to 6.0 (5% aq. Sol.) 9.2 (1% aq. Sol.) ---- LD50 1901mg/kg(oral, rabbit) --- 1650 mg/kg (oral, rats) 4550-4980 mg/kg (oral, rats) 50-500 mg/kg orally

25. Common Pharmacological uses of ingredients Ingredient Pharmacological uses Surya Kshara used in toothpaste for sensitive teeths , historically used to treat asthma, once used as hypotensive agent . Sphatika Astringent , styptic and antiseptic, natural deodorant – bacterial growth inhibition , to reduce bleeding, to remove pimples, acne, t opically cauterize apthous ulcer Navasadara As an expectorant in cough syrups, s ystemic acidifying agent in severe metabolic alkalosis , i n oral acid loading test to diagnose distal renal tubular acidosis, t o maintain the urine at an acidic ph in treatment of some UTI. Tankana Anti fungal preparation , f luoride detoxification, as a food additive Karpura Readily absorbed through skin, cool feeling when applied gently and warm when applied vigorously, s light local anaesthesia , secondary antimicrobial , p roduce tachycardia, flushing, perspiration, urination .

26. CONCLUSION : Instead of Lauha Darvi as used in the other Parpati Kalpanas , Mud Sharava is used to melt the ingredients. The melting point of ingredients used in the Sweta Parpati is high when compared to other Rasa Gandha Parpati . There is no need of smearing Ghee in the vessel as Kshariya ingredients will not stick on the pot. Corrosive nature of its ingredients can cause charring of the Kadalipatra and Kashaya property of the leaves can interfere in the main therapeutic indication of this parpati i.e. Mutrakrichha . Hence pouring of its content into kadalipatra is not required. Tankana has therapeutic effect on uterine infections and Karpura increases the urine output. Hence these ingredients add to the therapeutic value of Sweta Parpati but higher melting point of Tankana and volatile nature of Karpura makes the formulation difficult.

27. CONCLUSION : Colour of final product was Ishat Pitabh Shweta Varna with Sodhita and N irmalikrita ingredients while it was bright white with Asodhita ingredients. Temperature required for total melting as follows : Asodhita ingredients – 220 to 226 Sodhita ingredients – 218-229 Nirmalikrita - 167-208 Sodhita sample shows least loss of weight as compared to other two methods. Sodhita sample shows higher hardness than other two methods.  

28. Asodhita sample is smoother than other two methods. Ph seen from samples as below : Asodhita – 8.3 Sodhita – 7.6 Nirmalikrita – 6.2 Time taken for melting was least in Asodhita sample as compared to other two. Since Sweta parpati is used as alkanizer in Mutravikara , it is better to use Asodhita ingredients which also convenient method.