Syllable and Word stress

a presentation on syllables, word stress and word stress rules

1. Syllable and Syllable Stress V asundhara Rawat 1

2. Examination Kindergarten Chimpanzee Fonder Rat Now try breaking each word into parts and pronounce again.

3. Ig - za -mi- na - tion Kin- der -gar-ten Chim -pan-zee Fon-der Rat

4. May be on the basis of i , a , o ,u , e sounds? You may wonder we have a name for this:- Yes, ‘Syllable’ .

5. What is a Syllable? A syllable is the sound of a  vowel that is created while pronouncing the letters A, E, I, O, U and their combinations. We can say that, The number of times that you hear the sound of a vowel  is the number of syllables in a word.

6. 20 vowel sounds 12 monophthongs

7. a nd 8 D ipthongs

8. Words can be mono-syllabic and polysyllabic. Examination Ig - za -mi- na - tion 5 syllabic Kindergarten Kin- der -gar-ten 4 syllabic Chimpanzee Chim -pan-zee 3 syllabic Fonder Fon-der 2 syllabic Rat Rat Mono syllabic

9. Word stress All words that have more than one syllable have word stress .

10. How do we give to a word

11. When a syllable is stressed, it is pronounced longer in duration higher in pitch louder in volume

12. Presentation A stressed syllable is denoted by placing a stress mark (‘) just before the stressed syllable. For example, receive will be transcribed as / ri’si:v /

13. Look at this

14. And this..

15. Importance of word stress Mistakes in word stress are a common cause of misunderstanding in English . Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word  . Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand .

16. On the other hand, knowing the right syllable stress can help you understand the words even in poor audibility. Fluent English speakers use word stress to communicate rapidly and accurately.

17. Look at these words Photograph Photographer Photographic PHO -to-graph Pho- TO - gra - pher Pho-to- GRA - phic

18. Word stress Rules We can only stress vowels, not the consonants . When a multi-syllable word has a long vowel, usually this is stressed. emplo’yee exam: ig-’zam

19. Stress is usually on the first syllable of 2 syllablic nouns 'pen/ cil 'a/ pple ' prin / ter 'Chi/ na And 2 syllable adjectives 'o/pen ' fa / mous ‘ cle / ver ' clum / sy Stress is usually on the last or ultimate syllable of 2 syllable verbs . re / 'view de/' cide be/'gin o /' bey

20. Examples 1• Her ‘conduct is good. (noun ) • She con’ducts herself well. (verb ) 2•-What is our ‘import policy. (adjective ) • We im’port this item from USA (verb ) 3•- He was ‘present here yesterday . (adjective ) • Please pre’sent your case . (verb ) 4•- Tell me the ‘object of your case. (noun ) • I ob’ject to your ideas. (verb ) 5•What are your ‘subjects of study? (noun ) • He was sub’jected to torture. (verb)

21. Stress is on the penultimate syllable (penultimate means ‘second from end’) for words with the endings below: Words ending in - ic ' gra / phic ge /o/' gra / phic , a/' ller / gic , e/' ccen / tric , al/co/ 'ho/ lic Words ending in - sion and - tion de/ mon /' stra / tion , e/du /'ca/ tion , in/for /'ma/ tion , a /' dop / tion , Words ending in - ious de /' li / cious , ' glo / rious , 'con/ scious ,

22. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate means ‘third from end’) for words with the endings below: Words ending in -cy, - ty , - phy and - gy de/'mo/ cra /cy, de/pen/ da /'bi/ li / ty , pho/'to/ gra / phy , ge /'o/lo/ gy , ' sa / ni / ty Words ending in -al 'cri/ ti /cal, ge /o/'lo/ gi /cal, 'e/ thi /cal Words ending in - ise ' su /per/ vise , 'or/ ga / nise , 'e/ xer / cise , 'ad/ ver / tise , 're/cog/ nise Words ending in -ate co/' mmu / ni / cate , 're/ gu /late, a/' ppre / ci /ate, 'cal/cu/late, 'con/ cen / trate

23. Examination Ig - za -mi-’ na - tion Kindergarten ‘ Kin- der -gar-ten Chimpanzee Chim -pan-’zee Fonder ‘ Fon-der Rat ‘ Rat

24. THANK YOU!