Symptomatology

Concept of symptomatology in homoeopathy

1. SYMPTOMATOLOGY By Dr.KOLA VENKATA SATISH PG STUDENT DEPARTMENT OF REPERTORY DR.AR GOVT HOMOEO MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. SYMPTOMATOLOGY INTRODUCTION SOURCEES OF SYMPTOMS SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPTOMS ELEMENTS OF SYMPTOMS CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS TYPES OF SYMPTOMS GRADATION OF SYMPTOMS PRINCIPLES FOR VALUING OF SYMPTOMS BIBLIOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION The word SYMPTOM was derived from the word ‘ SYMPTOMA ’ a greek word which means “ Any change that happens ”

4. “Any noticeable change in the body and its functions either subjective or objective which indicates disease of the kind or phase of the disease.” “subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient.” ………..Merriam Websters Dictionary

5. In Homoeopathy symptom is defined as “ any change in the health of the body and the mind , which is felt by the patient remarked by those around him and observed by the physician”

6. DIFFERENT DEFINITIONS BY STALWARTS : The change in the health of the body and of the mind – which can be perceived externally by means of the senses by the patient himself, remarked by the those around him and observed by the Physician. - …………….. Dr.Hahnemann

7. “Every symptom is indicative of a deviation from the normal state of health” – Dr. Kent “In general a symptom is an evidence of disease or a change of state of health ” – Dr. Stuart Close

8. “A symptom is the expression of disturbance in a healthy body produced by a drug or some morbid agents” -- Dr.Dewey “Symptoms to the Homoeopaths are the language of body expressing its disharmony and calling for the similar remedy ”.– Dr. Elezebath Wright

9. Disease is a condition and not an entity, and its manifestations are those of abnormal physiology called “ symptoms ”. The production of symptoms is always in according with natural physical laws and every sign and symptoms are expression of some internal deviation from normal physiology. It is the outward reflection of the internal essence of the disease.

10. To the understand the disease one must be able to distinguish the variation in the healthy expressions, from an actual deviation

11. find symptoms of the following orders symptoms referring to the disease of particular nosilogical type helping us for disease determination symptoms referring to the particular tissue and organs of an affected person helping us for disease individualization symptoms referring to the individuality of the patient which helping us for individualization of a person

12. SOURCES OF SYMPTOMS: Drug proving Toxicological Clinical Empirical (through experience) Chemistry Biological

13. SIGNIFICANCE OF SYMPTOMATOLOGY : Symptoms of the disease are helpful in diagnosis of the disease Symptoms of the patient helpful in diagnosis of the patient Proper understanding of symptoms helpful in understing – The depth of the pathology there by the prognosis to learn the material medica is imperative in selecting the similimum

14. ELEMENTS OF SYMPTOMS Location Sensation Character/color/odor Aggravation Amelioration Concomitants Causation Duration Extension Alternation Miasm

15. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SYMPTOMS:

16. BOENNINGHAUSEN’S CLASSIFICATION: QUIS –  Personality / the individuality QUID – Disease its nature & Peculiarity UBI – Seat of disease QUIBUS AXILLIS _ Associated symptoms CUR -_ Cause of the disease QUOMODO – Modifying factors QUANDO – Time factor

17. 3. KENT’S CLASSIFICATION 3. KENT’S CLASSIFICATION

18. GARTH BOERICK’S CLASSIFICATION:

19. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYMPTOMS

20. SUBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS felt by the patient himself The deviations and alterations at the level of the sensations and functions indicative primitive stage of the disease which the patient alone can feel Ex:all types of sensations, pains,discomforts , vertigo,illusions,delusions

21. DEVELOPMENT OF SYMPTOMS I Stage : PRODROMAL II Stage : Disordered Functioning III Stage: Structural Alteration IV Stage: Secondary Signs & Symptoms Secondary Neurosis ( Somato -Psychic)

22. OBJECTIVE SYMPTOMS(signs) : These are perceptible sure signs of disease do not mislead the physician and always follow the subjective symptoms very important guide in infants ,unconscious patients,insane,deaf,and dumb patients,patient with different language ,uncooperative patients Ex; color,murmer , odour,hardness ,gait…

23. COMMON SYMPTOMS: common either to a medicine or a disease state. Pathogenic common symptom: symptom that is common to a medicine They form the bulk of the drug pathogenesis They do not help in remedy selection when found in isolation Ex: pain, fever, chills, sweat, cough, flatulence, lameness, congestion, swelling and other symptoms are common in so many medicines

24. Pathognomic common symptom symptom that is common to a disease states They may not be of any relationships they are commonly found in many related disease states. Help in differential diagnosis. EX: dry cough, coryza , sore eyes, fever and rash in measles , breathlessness in asthma, bodyaches and headache in fever

25. UNCOMMON SYMPTOMS Also known as characteristic symptoms These are the symptoms on which prescription has to be based upon, It denote those symptoms which are Peculiar in their nature and character. Which are peculiar to a few patients suffering from similar disease. They usually help in the miasmatic understanding of the case.

26. Ex : in Asthma nearly all cases is worse from lying down. If, however, the asthmatic is “ relived by living down ” we have an unusual and peculiar symptom, the highly characteristic of Psorinium . If the asthmatic patient “ finds relief only in the knee-chest position ,” unusual and peculiar, we have a strong characteristic symptom of Medorrhinum .

27. “The greater the value of a symptom in a diagnostic sense, the less its value in therapeutic sense”

28. GENERAL SYMPTOMS : A general symptoms is the one that refers to the individual as a whole. A common sensation found at two or more than locations also become a general Ex :“stitching pains” ( Bry , Spig ), “burning pains” ( Ars alb., Carb v., Sulph ); “stiffness relieved by continued motion” ( Rhus tox .); All Sensations or symptoms that the patient predicates of himself, or in the relating of which he uses the first personal pronoun, are general symptoms, as “ I am weak, “I am thirsty ,”“ I am sleepy.”

29. MENTAL GENERALS: All the symptom related the mental sphere are termed as mental general. They are the symptoms which reflect the inner self, the emotions,intellect , ego of the individual Will and emotions.: Eg :“loathing of life” and “impulse to commit suicide” ( Aurum )’ “fear of dogs” (Bell); “insatiable desire to travel” (Calc phos .); “obstinacy” (Calc carb .) Will and emotions.:

30. Intellect and understanding: Eg :“errors in speaking” ( Lyco and Nat mur ); “inability to recall proper names” ( Lyco and Sulph ); Delusions, hallucinations, illusions, delirium, amnesia are intellectual symptoms.

31. Memory components Ex:Memoryloss , absent mindedness, acute memory etc.. “forgets what he has just read ” ( Lach ); “forgets what he was about to say” ( Baryta carb .).

32. PHYSICAL GENERALS: These are the symptoms of the physical plane of the person as a whole. These symptoms can be ; General reaction _ thermal, atmosphere, seasonal Ailments from _ Circumstantial, dietary, physical Laterality of the affections Sleep & its disturbances Appetite, thirst, desires and aversions.

33. Mental & sexual complaints Tendency to pathological changes Dreams:Constantly dreams of dead relatives – Calc, Sil ; . Dreams of hard labor or some strenuous exertion- Rhus tox , Dreams of fire- Hep sulph ; Dreams of falling from a height-. Digit, Sulph and Thuja Of these symptoms, the expressions, which have a pathological basis are called as Pathological generals Eg . Tumors, warts etc .

34. PARTICULAR SYMPTOM These are the symptoms which belongs to a particular part, organ or functions of the body. These symptoms tend to disturb the patient most and seeks consultation for them only. Thus the prescription of acute necessity will be based on these particulars At times a strong particular may point to a small group of remedies and this help a quick prescription. According to Boenninghausen they provide a base for the evolution of generals. Ex “sensation of coldness in larynx” ( Cistus can, Brom ), “dilated pupils days before an epileptic attack” ( Arg nit.);

35. KEYNOTE SYMPTOMS” These are rare, singular, peculiar uncommon symptoms defying their explanation by pathology. There should be at least three key note symptoms in order to make a correct homoeopathic prescription Dr guernsey first emphasized the importance of of keynotes later on dr lippe,p.p . wells,H.C.allen

36. ELIMINATIVE SYMPTOMS: Symptoms which help to eliminative some un important medicines to fecilitate the selection of the similimum are called eliminative symptoms Margret Tyler first introduced this method for facilitating an easy Repertorisation . The method of repertorisation using the eliminating symptom is called as the eliminating method.

37. ALTERNATING SYMPTOMS These symptoms that recur at uncertain intervals with morbid state of different kind. Ex :“headache in winter, diarrhea in summer” (Aloe) ; “weeping alternating with laughter” ( Ignatia ); “alternation of constipation and diarrhea” ( Sulph , Alum, Nux v).

38. NAGATIVE SYMPTOMS : The symptoms which are expected to be in a case but remain absent are called nagative symptoms they become valuable by they absence Ex .absence of thirst in fever , absecnce of pain inflammation

39. ACCESORY SYMPTOMS A long standing symptom which the patient thinks his a part and parcel of his normal functioning is called an accessory symptoms There are important symptoms for the homoeopathic prescription

40. CLINICAL SYMPTOMS : Symptoms which are common in a disease conditions are called clinical symptoms clinical symptoms of the represents the symptoms which are not found during the proving of the drug ,but were found to be cured in clinical practice

41. RECCURENT SYMPTOMS : symptoms which at return at frequent intervals are called recurrent symptoms These indicate the tendencies and constitutional dyscrasias of the individuals

42. PERIODICAL SYMPTOMS Symptoms which return at fixed intervals are called periodical symptoms these symptoms are helpful in finding out an indicate remedy .they given a good representation in most of the repertories Ex “complaints recurring on same day annually” ( Vipera ); “neuralgia at the same hour every day” ( Cedron , Kall Bich .

43. PARADOXICAL SYMPTOMS; Symptoms which are self contradictory and opposite in nature but are found together are called paradoxical symptoms Ex; sleepy but cannot sleep,throat pain better by swallowing solid food

44. ACCIDENTAL SYMPTOMS Symptoms which are found prominently in a person but do not fit in to the totality are known as accidental symptoms These are present by chance and do not help either in understanding the phenomenon of the disease or In forming a totality . It is safe to ignore this symptoms after weighing them properly

45. GRADATION OF SYMPTOMS 1ST GRADE – A symptom recorded in the majority of provings or brought out in every prover , confirmed by several proving and verified upon the sick. 2nd GRADE – A symptom brought out by a few of the provers , it does not run through the whole family of provers but it has been confirmed and occasionally verified by reproving and upon the sick. 3rd GRADE – A symptom brought out by a few of the provers not confirmed by reproving or verified by curing a patient but standing out very prominently.

46. GENERAL PRINCIPLES USED FOR VALUE OF SYMPTOMS: -General symptoms are more impratnt than particulars but an intence particular symptom will necessarily be of higher value than a general symptoms with poor intensity -Mental symptoms are more important than physical ,characteristic or determinative symptoms are more important than common or basic -Subjective symptoms are more important than objective symptoms -Functional symptoms are more important than pathological

47. -Proved symptoms are more important than clinical -Symptoms relating to vital organs are more important than those are relating to less vital organs -In mental diseases a,physical symptoms are to be taken as concomitant one for repertorisation where as mental symptoms are to be taken as concomitanant one in physical illness for same purpose Also complete symptoms are given important value than that of incomplete symptoms    

48. Bibliography: Textbook of repertory by Dr.s.k.Tiwary Reperire by dr. vidyadhar R.khanaj Logic of repertories by Dr.J.B.D’castro The Genius of HomeopathyLectures and Essays on Homeopathic PhilosophyBy Dr Stuart M. CLOSE Homoeobook.com Hpathy.com