synopsis presentation On Rape seed and mustard

introduction on rape seed and mustard

1. INTRODUCTION Rapeseed-mustard is the third most important oilseed crop in the world after soybean ( Glycine max ) and oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea L. ( Czern & Coss )] is the second most important oilseed crop of India. The word "mustard" has been derived from the European practice of mixing the sweet 'must' of old wine with crushed seeds of black mustard ( Brassica nigra ) to form a hot paste. Indian mustard is a plant of Asiatic origin with its major center of diversity in China. It is popularly known as rai, raya or laha in India. It was introduced to India from China, from where it had spread to Afghanistan and other countries. It is largely a self-pollinated crop (85-90 %) However, owing to insects, especially the honeybees, the extent of cross-pollination varies from 4.0 to 16.6%.

2. Area and production The important Indian mustard growing countries of the world are India, Canada, China, Pakistan, Poland, Bangladesh, and Sweden. Being a second most important oilseed crop of India, it plays a significant role in Indian economy by contributing about 27.8% of the total edible oilseed production. Globally, India account for 22.3% and 16.1% of the world average and production. These crops are cultivated on an area 8.06 million ha. with a total net production of 6.70 million tonnes and with an average yield of 1458.00 kg/ha. (DA &FW). The major Indian mustard growing states in India are Rajasthan, MP, UP, West Bengal, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Assam contributes >80% of area and >85% of production of mustard oil. It is also an important rabi oil seed crop of Gujarat. In Gujarat, it is mostly grown in districts of Kutch, Banaskantha , Patan, Mehsana, Sabarkantha , Arvalli Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad. It is cultivated in about 340.20thousand hectares of area with total production of about 678.92 thousand tonnes and average productivity of 1995.67 kg/ha.

3. Nutritional Value Mustard is grown for oil as well as condiment and for medicinal use. It has 38 to 42% oil & 24% protein. Mustard Oil is considered to be the healthiest and nutritious cooking medium because it possesses one of the best fatty acids profiles which reduces the risk of coronary heart diseases by almost 70%. Pickles are made using seeds and oil, also curries and vegetables are flavoured with it. In skin diseases, the local application of seed oil is beneficial as it is antiseptic and anti-inflammatory. Externally, the massage of seed oil is useful in arthritis. The seed oil with salt is an effective gargle in dental infections and pyorrhea . The leaves of young plants are used as green vegetables. Green stem and leaves are a good source of green fodder for cattle. It is used as possible candidates for phyto -remediation measure which involves removal of toxic heavy metals like lead, cadmium and zinc. In addition to this, it is also utilized for medicinal uses, preparation of soaps, hair oil, lubricants, paints, plasticizers and as a condiment in pickles. The oil cake is a by-product after extraction of oil, which is used as manure and also as an excellent animal/poultry feed. Mustard meal or cake is nutritious and contains about 12 % oil and 38 to 42% protein. The Indian mustard varieties having very high erucic acid (>50%) in oil and glucosinolate (> 20 µmoles/g) in oil meal. The excessive intake of high erucic acid oil lead to cause a disease like myocardial fibrosis in adult and lipidosis in children. So, there is an urgent need to make concert effort for breeding varieties with total saturated fatty acid level with less than 4 % and erucic acid less than 2 %.

4. Sr.No Committee Name & Designation 1 Major Guide Dr. Sneha Macwana Associate Professor Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 2 Minor Guide Dr. Kalyan Rao Patil Assistant Professor and Head Department of Seed Science and technology , B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 3 Member Dr. D. J. Parmar Associate Proffesor Department of Agricultural Statistics, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110 4 Member Dr. K. V. Patel Assistant Research Scientist Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388110

5. OBJECTIVES t o estimate the nature and magnitude of variability present in Indian mustard with respect to seed yield and its component traits t o estimate genotypic and phenotypic correlations among different agronomic and economic traits t o determine the direct and indirect influences of various yield attributing characters through path coefficient analysis t o find out the extent of genetic diversity among Indian mustard genotypes through Mahalanobis D 2 technique

6. EXPERIMENT DETAILS Name of Experiment Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing characters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss ] Location Genetics & Plant Breeding Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand Season and Year Rabi, 2022-23 Number of Genotypes 44 Experimental Design Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) Number of Replications 3 Spacing 45 20 Package of Practices All the recommended agronomic practices will be followed to raise a good crop Name of Experiment Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for yield and yield attributing characters in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss ] Location Genetics & Plant Breeding Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand Season and Year Rabi, 2022-23 Number of Genotypes 44 Experimental Design Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) Number of Replications 3 Spacing Package of Practices All the recommended agronomic practices will be followed to raise a good crop

7. OBSERVATIONS Days to 50 % flowering 9. Test weight (gm) Days to maturity 10. Seed yield per plant Plant height (cm) 11. Oil content (%) Primary branches per plant 12. Protein content (%) Secondary branches per plant Siliqua per plant Length of siliqua (cm) Seeds per siliqua

8. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 1. Variability parameters The variability parameters viz. genotyoic coefficient of variance and phenotypic coefficient of variance will be estimated as per procedure suggested by Burton (1952) , While heritability and genetic advance will be estimated as per procedure suggested by Allard (1960). 2. Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficient will be calculated by employing the formula given by Karl Pearson (1885). 3. Path coefficient analysis The methodology suggested by Wright (1921) will be adopted while using the formula given by Dewey and Lu (1959). 4. Genetic divergence analysis The concept of D 2 statistic will be used as a tool for estimating genetic divergence as per Mahalanosis (1936).

9. COLLABORATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENT/ UNITS Department of Biochemistry, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand (For estimation of Biochemical parameters) Department of Agricultural Statistics, B. A. College of Agriculture, AAU, Anand (For estimation of experimental data)