Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptx

Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.

1. Construction Procedure of Synthetic Fibre in Laboratory

2. Synthetic fibers are produced from the chemical components by chemical synthesis. These fibers are also referred to as chemical fibers or artificial fibers. Some examples of synthetic fibers are nylon, polyester, polyurethane, etc . Synthetic Fibre

3. Classification of synthetic fibres Nylon Dacron Spandex

4. Construction Procedure Of Synthetic Fibre

5. 1.Selection of Polymer The process begins with selecting the appropriate polymer for the desired fiber properties. Common synthetic polymers used for fibers include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, acrylic, and spandex. 2. Polymerization The chosen polymer is synthesized through a process called polymerization. Monomers, which are small molecules, are chemically bonded together to form long chains known as polymers. This step can be carried out through various methods such as condensation polymerization or addition polymerization.

6. Melt Spinning In melt spinning, the polymer is melted and extruded through a spinneret—a device with small holes—forming continuous filaments. The filaments are then cooled to solidify and spun onto a spool or wound onto a bobbin. Wet Spinning For polymers that are not easily melted, wet spinning is used. In this method, the polymer is dissolved in a solvent to form a viscous solution. The solution is extruded through the spinneret into a coagulation bath, where the solvent is removed, and the fibers are formed. 3. Spinning

7. Synthetic fiber (filament) produced by melt, wet, dry spinning from the fiber forming polymer cannot be used as textile fibers due to- Low tenacity. High elongation at break. High deformation even at a small load. Low modulus So, it is required to go another operation i.e. drawing/stretching, which converts fibers into textile fibers.  4. Stretching of synthetic fibers

8. A process by which flat surfaces are distorted to have crimps, coils, curls or loops along their length to achieve bulk and greater absorbency. Advantages: Resistance to crease. Dimensional stability. Soft handle and appearance improvement. Improvement in air permeability. Flexibility increases. 5. Texturization of synthetic fibers

9. The process, which induces dimensional stability to fiber, yarns, fabrics or garments with successive heating and cooling in dry and moist conditions is called heat setting. The different levels of heat setting may be defined as: Temporary set. Semi-permanent set. Permanent set. 6. Heat setting

10. Finally, the fibers may undergo various finishing processes to enhance their performance and appearance. This may include treatments such as dyeing, flame retardant coating, anti-static treatment, or applying a lubricant to improve processing. Function: To lubricate yarn. To reduce static electricity. To increase the cohesion of the yarn. To plasticize the fiber. 7. Finishing

11. 1. Strength -  Synthetic fibres are very strong compared to most natural fibres . 2. Durability -  Synthetics can withstand wear and tear and have a long lifespan. 3. Wrinkle resistance -  These fibres are engineered to avoid wrinkles. 4. Weather resistance -  Synthetic fibres are unaffected by mildew or mould . 5. Colorfastness -  The colours remain bright for a long time. 6. Easy to clean -  Many synthetic fibres can be machine washed. Advantages of Synthetic Fibres