synthsis of nano particale by different elements by un

mtech project

1. “Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of NiO /g-C3N4/GO Nanoparticles With Efficient Photo catalytic” UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE By: Suhel K A P01ZZ21S0436 M.Tech in Material science University of Mysore Under Guidance : Deepu H R Guest Faculty , M.Tech in Material science University of Mysore Manasagangothri , Mysuru-06

2. Table of contents Introduction Hydrothermal method Materials and methodology Characterization of Nio /g-C3N4/GO Results and discussion Conclusion

3. Introduction Nanomaterials describe in principle materials of which a single unit small sized between 1 and 100 nm. Nanocomposites are materials that incorporate nanosized particles into a matrix of standard material. Nickel oxide ( NiO ) as a p-type semiconductor, possesses super hole mobility, high cost effectiveness and high lattice match with graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4). The p-n heterojunction can produce more efficient electrons to participate in the reaction.

4. Hydrothermal Method

5. Hydrothermal Technique: The word hydrothermal derived from a Greek word hydro meaning water and thermosetting means heat. This is one of the oldest techniques of growing crystals. The major advantages of the use of hydrothermal technology in material synthesis are as follows: High quality and purity of the products Low temperature processing in a closed system Decrease in agglomeration between particles Control of size and morphology (monodispersed particulates)

6. X-RAY DIFFRACTION (XRD) : X - ray diffraction technique is the most common and efficient method for the determination of structure and crystallainity and material identification. Crystalline phases can be identified by just comparing the interplanar distance‘d ’ values obtained from XRD data with the fundamental data in Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS).

7. Materials and methodology For synthesis of the NiO /g-C3N4/go photocatalyst , Firstly, GO was synthesized from natural graphite powder by a Hummer's method. 0.13 g of GO was dispersed in 100 mL distilled water by using ultrasonication device for half an hour. Secondly, 2.6g of Ni(NO3)2 and 2.3g of g-C3N4 were dissolved in 60mL distilled water and allowed for stirring for one hour, then the former one was added slowly to the latter while stirring and allowed for half an hour, then NaOH was added dropwise until it reached 7 pH. The mixture was loaded into Teflon liner hydrothermal and heated at 180˚C for 24h. The resulting product was washed with distilled water and ethanol for several times, and dried at 60˚C in vacuum oven for 8 hours.

8. (a) (d) (c) (b) XRD pattern of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO EDS of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO SEM images of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO DLS of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO

9. XRD pattern of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO The XRD patterns were obtained at a scanning speed of 2°/min, and 2θ ranging from 80 to 10 degrees. The peaks were compared with standard patterns of JCPDS data bank. The XRD patterns of the NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO nanocomposites .

10. The identification and elemental mapping of the NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO nanocomposite confirmed by the EDS spectra are shown in figure. The peaks are ascribed to O,C and N , elements and detected at proper level of energy. EDS of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO

11. (a) (b) BET of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO FT-IR of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO

12. SEM images of NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO The surface morphologies and microstructures of the NiO / g-C 3 N 4 /GO nanocomposites material.

13. (a) (b) Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

14. Photo Irradiatio n Recombination Excitation Reduction process Oxidation process H 2 O O 2 H 2 H +             VB CB Methylene blue (MB) dye MB dye degradation @ 40 min A photocatalyst is a material which absorbs light to bring it to higher energy level and provides such energy to a reacting substance to make a chemical reaction occur.

15. UV/Vis Spectra for degradtion of methylene blue(MB) under visible light irradiation over the Nio /g-C 3 N 4 /GO 663nm Reusibility In the degradation progress, the UV-Vis absorption spectra were impacted by the degradation rate of the substrates, the production rate of the intermediates and the pH value of the solution

16. Conclusion: The nanocomposite NiO /g-C3N4/GO with different weight percent of GO using the hydrothermal method. The synthesized nanocomposites are characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV-Vis analytical techniques. Photocatalytic activity of the visible light driven photocatalysts is evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue(MB) aqueous solution at room temperature. The result demonstrated that the weight percent of graphene oxide had remarkable influence on the degradation reaction. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite with 0.1% of GO is attributed z scheme charge transfer mode , resulting in a more effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The reusability of the nanocomposite is confirmed after five consecutive runs.

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