System of wheat intensification - SWI

Technology

1. PRESENTATION ON “system of wheat intensification”. OBJECTIVE > DOUBLING FARMER’S INCOME BY INCREASING YIELD Presented to, Presented by, Dr. B. Jirli Prof. . O. P. Mishra Pradeep kumar 14095 B.Sc. (Ag.) 4 th year EXT- 411 (RAWE)

2. What Is SWI? New concept and practice of wheat cultivation manipulating the soil environment favorably for better root and shoot growth using principles of SRI Wide spacing of plants for better light and air utilization Increased use of compost and organic matter for the soil Quality seed to be selected and treated using appropriate biotic and abiotic agents Better soil aeration by use of mechanical weeder.

3. Basic Principles of SWI Principle of root development: proper nourishment and providing sufficient space around the plant Principle of intensive care: careful management of the soil Outputs / Results Higher tillering Increased number of effective tillers / hill Enhanced panicle length & bolder grains Enhanced yield

4. Methodology Improved seed Seed treatment Land preparation and a pplication of organic m anure Seed rate Line sowing Gap filling Irrigation Weeding

5. Improved seeds. Seed rate : 25-30 kg per ha Seed treatment- to control seed borne fungal diseases along with for higher germination % and improved microbial activity in soil.

6. Land Preparation and application of Organic Manure- Organic manure is applied @ 5 tonnes FYM/ 1 tonne vermi -compost / ha. & well incorporated immediately. Field was prepared with two disking followed by use of cultivator twice. Planking was done after each cultivation. If the soil does not have appropriate moisture, irrigate before ploughing.

7. Line Sowing: Two seeds are sown per hill and spacing is maintained at 20 cm x 20 cm. Seeds are sown at a depth of 2.5 – 3 cm. Gap Filling: Wherever the seeds have not germinated, the gap should be filled with germinated seeds within a week of sowing. Irrigation: 1st- 15 days after sowing. 2nd- 25 days after sowing. 3rd- 35- 40 days after sowing. Subsequent irrigations are given at 60, 80 and 100 DAS.

8. Water use and productivity

9. Weeding operation Most effective with the use of mechanical welder, predominantly Cono weeder ,which is operated when the soil is soft. Increase grain yields in comparison to conventional weeding. Also increase the plant hieght.

10. Conno weeder

11. OBSERVATION

12. Different between SWI and conventional practices

13. Difference in Yield Component in SWI & Conventional

14. Yield and yield attributes Grains/spikes Number of spikes/m2 1000 gm wt (gm.) Grain yield q/ha Straw yield q/ha 7 s.no. Parameters (avrg.10 plants) 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Conv. SWI Conv SWI Conv SWI 1 No. of tillers 6 27 5 25 7 32 2 Grain/spikes 24.6 49.8 22.4 46.8 50.3 73.5 3 No. of spikes/m2 315 426 307 403 407 462 4 1000 grain wt( gm ) 53 68 50 61 54 76 5 Grain yield( qt /ha) 31.9 57.3 30.6 54.8 32.8 61.3 6 Straw yield( qt /ha) 5.4 7.4 5.0 6.9 5.9 8.12

15. s.no. particulars Quantity Rs./unit Total cost( Rs .) A. Operational cost 1 Ploughing 2 800 1600 2 Planking 1 400 400 3 Sowing By dibbler 1500 Application charge 1 labour 250 250 Total cost 3750 B. Material cost 1 Seed 30 k g 50 / kg 1500 2 Fertilizer (N:P:K=100:50:50) Urea 100 kg 7 / kg 700 DAP 50 kg 25 / kg 1250 MOP 50 kg 18 / kg 910 Economic analysis

16. 3 Vermicompost 4 q t . 5 / kg 200 4 Seed treatment 750g . 200 Total cost 4760 C . Cultural operations 1 Irrigation 6 800 / irrigation 4800 Application charge 6 labour 250 1500 2 Cono weeder 1500 Application charge 4 labour 250 1000 Total cost 8800 D. Harvesting Labour 20 labour 250 5000 E. Threshing (yield=65 q/ha) 9750 Total cost 14750

17. Total cost = Rs . 32 60 M s l n . c h a r g e = 3 % of total cost = 32060 × 3 / 100 = Rs . 961 . 8 Net total cost = 32060 + 961 . 8 = Rs . 33021 . 8 Gross income = Rs . 1 , 37 , 880 Net income = 1,37,880-32060 = Rs . 1,05,820

18. Uttar Pradesh Dr. G.V. Ramanjaneyulu, CWS/Hyderabad, has provided a report on progress with System of Wheat Intensification (SWI) methods in U.P.: “Last week while on a visit to a few villages in Uttar Pradesh, Raibareilly district, in one of the villages we have seen SWI promoted by Rajiv Gandhi Mahila Vikas Pariyojana. The sowing was done with single seeds at 8 inches square spacing. When we visited, the crop was in the final stages. We counted the number of tillers, panicle length, number of grains in the panicle, etc." Seed rate No. of tillers Panicle length Grains per panicle Normal wheat: broadcast 35 kg/acre 4-5 4-6 cm 25-30 SWI: single seed sowing >  5 kg/acre 25-30 12-15 cm 60-70 The crop is yet to be harvested, so no yield figures can be given. We have also seen a Kudrat variety of wheat which was developed by a farmer called Raghuvamsi from Varanasi. This is an amazing innovation with a panicle more than 15 cm length and 100-120 grains in a single panicle grown with conventional sowing."

19. SWI can enhance grain yield as much as 25 per cent sustaining the ever burgeoning population. Tediousness of line sowing can be minimized by introducing simple, manually-operated, women-friendly seed-drill machines. Seed treatment with mixture of jaggery, cow urine & vermi-compost, fungicides, and biofertilizers in an order enhances soil fertility and soil quality. Minimum chemical use sustains soil ecology. Conclusion

20. THANK YOU THANK YOU