System planning

system planning in sdlc

1. System planning

2. Flow of presentation Introduction Nature of planning Process of planning Types of planning Roles and responsibilities Advantages and disadvantages

3. introduction Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done, when where, how and by whom it is to be done. Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. Choosing the future course of action.

4. Nature of planning It is goal oriented. It is a primary function. It is a continuous process. It is forward looking. It involves choice. It is directed towards efficiency. It should help in economy.

5. Identify goals Identify resources Formulate strategies Evaluation of alternatives Select course of action Implement the plan Controlling & evaluation Process of planning

6. There are seven essential steps in operating planning process. Steps in operating planning process: Step 1: Setting goals Establish the targets for the short and long range future. Step 2: Identify resources Analyze the present position and resources available to achieve objectives.

7. Step 3: Consider alternative Construct a list of possible course of action that lead to achieve the goal. Step 4:Evaluating the alternatives Listing the various advantages and disadvantages of each possible course of action. Step 5: Selecting the best solution Selecting the course of action that has the most advantages and fewest disadvantages.

8. Step 6: Implementing the plan Determine, who will be involved, what resources will be assigned, how the plan will be evaluated. Step 7: Controlling and evaluating the results Making certain that the plans is going according to expectations and making necessary adjustments.

9. Types of planning Strategic plans Tactical plans Operational plans On the basis of time: Long term plans Short term plans

10. Strategic plans: It sets future directions of the organization in which it wants to proceed in future. It involves a time horizon of more than one year and for most of the organization it ranges between 3 and 5 years. It is used to set the objectives and the results expected.

11. Tactical plans: This plans translate the strategic plans into specific goals for specific parts of the organizations. Tactical plans are concerned with implementation of strategic plans by coordinating the work of different departments in the organization. They are for shorter time frame and usually focused for 1-2 years.

12. Operational plans: Operational plans are developed to determine the steps necessary for achieving tactical goals. They are used as a guide for day to day operation by department managers. These plans may cover a time frame of few months, weeks or even a few days.

13. Long term plans: Strategic in nature. Involves generally more than 5 years Short term plans: It typically covers time frames of less than 2 years These plans directly affect functional groups(production, marketing, finance)

14. Roles and responsibilities Project plan should define the responsibility of project sponsor, manager and team members. Communication: Techniques to enhance the project efficiency. Standard report forms, define requirement, document, meeting schedules. Control requirements: Planning process involves designing and security features for application. Risk managements: Manager should monitor, and manage the internal and external risks in project lifecycle .

15. Change management: Modification of functional requirements during the software development life cycle. Standards: Project plan should reference the applicable standard. Documentation: Should identify the type and level of documentation. Scheduling: Identify and schedule major project phases and the task completed within each phase.

16. Budget: Manager should estimates the overall cost of the project. Manager should monitor the budget throughout the project completion. Testing: Management should develop the testing plan that identify testing requirement and schedule the testing procedure throughout the initial phase of the project. Staff development: Should develop the training plans that identify the training requirement and schedule the training procedure to ensure employees are able to use and maintain the application after implementation.

17. Advantages of planning Planning facilitates management by objectives. It minimizes uncertainties. It facilitate co-ordination. It improves employee’s moral. It helps in achieving economies. It encourages innovations.

18. disadvantages of planning Costly process: planning includes collecting information, data and evaluation of alternatives. It requires salary and allowances to experts in the process of providing services. Time consuming: planning delays the business activity to come in action. False sense of security: planning encourage false sense of security against future risk and uncertainty.

19. Planning is no use at all, unless it degenerates into work. -Peter Drucker

20. Thank you