T.L.EICT subject for Grade 9 and 10.pptx

A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, send email, play games, and browse the Web. You can also use it to edit or create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos.

1. ICT Parts of a Computer

2. Activity 1. Write the down functions

3. Ca se or chassis Function : Protects and houses the computer’s internal components, including the motherboard, hard drives, and expansion cards. Design Importance : Cases come in various sizes and designs to accommodate different types of motherboards and cooling systems. Effective design is crucial for maintaining optimal airflow and cooling, which are essential for the reliable operation of internal components.

4. Physical Size and Compatibility Mid Tower : Typically stands around 18 inches (45 cm) in height. Supports ATX or smaller motherboards, making it a versatile choice for most users. Full Tower : Often measures 22 inches (55 cm) or taller. Capable of housing larger ATX, E-ATX, and even larger motherboards, providing ample space for extensive setups.

5. 3. Small Form Factor (Mini-ITX Case) smallest computer case size Home Theater PC-small form factor case, makes them a great fit for most TV shelves and closets. A Mini-ITX case also makes a lot of sense for basic users with limited space. Whether you're working in a small office or living in a cramped apartment. light enough( semi portable) to be carried around. A typical small form factor PC weighs around 4 to 7 kg (when fully loaded), making it an appealing choice for people who need to move often

6. 4. Full Tower (EATX Case) Full Tower Most mid towers can't hold anything larger than a standard ATX motherboard The server motherboards can get quite massive to accommodate a extra RAM slots Overclocking - Pushing the limits of your computer requires a lot of cooling, and proper cooling equipment can take up a lot of space. 230 mm case fans, dual tower heat sinks, triple radiators. What's more, larger computer case size = higher air volume = better ventilation and heat dissipation. Hardcore Gaming - For some, playing the latest games with relative smoothness isn't enough - They demand 4K resolution gaming...with ultra settings...on a triple monitor setup.

7. Motherboard . Function: The main circuit board that connects all components, allowing them to communicate with each other . It provides the foundation for the CPU, RAM , and other peripherals to function harmoniously. Connectivity and Expansion : Features slots for RAM, CPU, GPUs, and other expansion cards. The quality and layout of a motherboard determine the system’s stability and expansion capabilities

8. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Function: Acts as the brain of the computer, processing instructions and controlling the operations of other components. Complexity and Performance: Modern CPUs are complex microprocessors that perform millions of calculations per second. The number of cores and clock speed are critical determinants of how efficiently a computer can perform multiple tasks simultaneously .

9. Random Access Memory (RAM Function: Serves as the computer’s short-term memory, temporarily storing data that the CPU needs quick access to while performing tasks. Impact on Performance: More RAM allows a computer to handle more applications simultaneously and improves overall system responsiveness. Speed and capacity impact how effectively applications run.

10. Graphics Card or Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Function: Manages and enhances video and graphics performance, which is especially important in gaming, video editing, and other graphics-intensive applications. Types: Differentiates between integrated GPUs, which are suitable for basic tasks, and dedicated GPUs, which provide additional processing power for advanced visual computing

11. 6. Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid-State Drives (SSD) Function: Permanently store software, documents, and other files. HDDs use mechanical platters and a moving read/write head to access data, while SSDs use non-volatile flash memory. Comparison: SSDs are faster and more durable because they contain no moving parts, thus offering quicker boot times and data access rates, which significantly enhance computing speeds.

12. Power Supply Unit (PSU) Function: Converts the AC power from the wall outlet into the DC power that the computer components require. Considerations: Selecting a PSU with appropriate wattage is crucial for system stability and to prevent hardware damage. Efficiency ratings indicate how effectively the PSU uses the power from the outlet.

13. Supporting Components and Their Roles Cooling Systems Function: Essential for preventing overheating, which can reduce the efficiency and lifespan of components. Systems: Includes fans and liquid cooling solutions. Proper cooling is vital for maintaining performance, especially in high-load environments like gaming or graphic design.

14. Expansion Cards Function: Used to add new capabilities or enhance existing ones, such as better sound handling, additional video output, or improved network speeds. Examples: Common types include sound cards, network cards, and newer USB cards which provide additional ports.

15. The monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display images and text on the screen. Most monitors have control buttons that allow you to change your monitor's display settings, and some monitors also have built-in speakers. Newer monitors usually have LCD (liquid crystal display) or LED (light-emitting diode) displays. These can be made very thin, and they are often called flat-panel displays. Older monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up more desk space.

16. Keyboard The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer.

17. mouse is another important tool for communicating with computers. Commonly known as a pointing device, it lets you point to objects on the screen, click on them, and move them. There are two main mouse types: optical and mechanical. optical mouse uses an electronic eye to detect movement and is easier to clean. mechanical mouse uses a rolling ball to detect movement and requires regular cleaning to work properly.

18. Mouse alternatives There are other devices that can do the same thing as a mouse. Many people find them easier to use, and they also require less desk space than a traditional mouse. The most common mouse alternatives are below. Trackball: A trackball has a ball that can rotate freely. Instead of moving the device like a mouse, you can roll the ball with your thumb to move the pointer. Touchpad: A touchpad—also called a trackpad—is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your finger. Touchpads are common on laptop computers.

19. Track Ball Touch Pad

20. Modern Mouse

21. SRI engineer Bill English built the first Engelbart mouse prototype, which used knife-edge wheels and had space for only one button.

22. RKS 100-86 mouse (" Rollkugel ") The Telefunken Rollkugel may have been the first rolling-ball mouse.

23. Production-run three-button mouse, serial number 001 By 1968, SRI had provided Doug Engelbart with commercially produced three-button mice to use in his famous “Mother of all Demos.

24. Doug Engelbart recalled, “No one can remember. It just looked like a mouse with a tail, and we all called it that.” The wire “tail” originally came out under the user's wrist.

25. A web camera—or webcam is a type of input device that can record videos and take pictures. It can also transmit video over the Internet in real time, which allows for video chat or video conferencing with someone else. Many webcams also include a microphone for this reason

26. Lesson 2 Classification of a Computer Supercomputer- fastest computer currently Available Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers in the world. These computers leverage a memory block along with multiple central processing units grouped into ‘compute nodes’ – sometimes tens of thousands of nodes (Justin Hotard ) -high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer. Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS

27. Lesson 2 Trends