T4 Electrical (DC Technology LN 4A).pptx

T4 Electrical (DC Technology LN 4A) is a subject that primarily focuses on direct current (DC) electrical systems. Understanding DC technology is essential for anyone involved in the electrical industry, as DC power forms the foundation for many electrical devices and systems. DC technology also plays a crucial role in renewable energy applications, such as solar power and electric vehicles, which rely heavily on direct current.

Overview of DC Technology
DC technology is based on the flow of electrical current in a single direction, as opposed to alternating current (AC), where the direction of the current alternates periodically. DC technology has been in use for a long time, particularly in applications where stable, consistent power is needed. Batteries, for example, are DC power sources, and they play a critical role in a wide range of applications, from small electronics to large renewable energy systems.

In electrical systems, the current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. The voltage in a DC system is typically stable and does not vary over time, making it ideal for applications where consistent voltage is required.

Key Concepts in DC Technology
Some of the important concepts in DC technology include:

Ohm's Law: This fundamental principle states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage (V) across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance (R). Ohm's Law is expressed as:

𝐼
=
𝑉
𝑅
I=
R
V
​

Power in DC Circuits: The power (P) in a DC circuit is the product of voltage and current. This can be expressed as:

𝑃
=
𝑉
×
𝐼
P=V×I
Power is measured in watts (W), and understanding how to calculate it is essential in DC systems, especially when dealing with power supply and load requirements.

Series and Parallel Circuits: DC circuits can be arranged in series or parallel configurations. In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end, resulting in the same current flowing through each component. In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same voltage, and the total current is divided among the parallel branches.

Batteries and DC Power Supplies: Batteries are one of the most common sources of DC power. They store energy in chemical form and release it as electrical energy when connected to a circuit. DC power supplies are used in a variety of applications, including powering electronic devices, charging batteries, and supplying power to electric vehicles.

Capacitance and Inductance in DC Circuits: Capacitors and inductors behave differently in DC circuits compared to AC circuits. In DC circuits, a capacitor will initially charge when connected to a voltage source but will eventually block any further current flow once fully charged. An inductor, on the other hand, will resist changes in current, causing a delay in the current flow when first energized.

Energy Storage and Conversion: DC systems are ofte

1. T4

2. Training Objectives Effects and applications of electricity Atomic model Basic electrical properties, charge , voltage and current Simple circuits Electrical resistance Measurement of voltage and current in a circuit Ohm's law Kirchhoff's laws Analysis of simple resistor circuits (series and parallel) Electrical power

3. Equipment

4. Electricity and atomic model

5. Electricity Advantages Electrical energy can be easily conveyed over long distances . Power stations supply large areas via overhead transmission cables. Electrical energy can easily be changed into other forms of energy, e.g. heat, light or mechanical energy. It is therefore used commonly both domestically and in industry.

6. Electricity Electricity in the Nature Lightning Human nerve system Animal Kingdom

7. Electricity Electricity in the Nature Lightning Human nerve system Animal Kingdom

8. Electricity High Current can kill you (50 mA ) Next video is not for sensitive viewers

9. Danger of Electricity

10. Atomic models Protons are positive, Electrons are negative and Neutrons are neutral

11. Free electrons More Valence electron is free to escape the atom , thus current flow.

12. Conductors- Semi Conductors- Insulators Conductors Semi- conductors Insulators

13. Conductors- Semi Conductors- Insulators Label the following illustrations

14. Activity Complete Test

15. Basic electrical properties

16. Electric charge One electron have a negative Q (charge) of Q (charge) is measure in C (coulomb)

17. Electric charge Two objects with various charges on it:

18. Electric field (E) Capacitor Electrical Field

19. Voltage Label the diagrams with Potential Energy Voltage (V), Current (I) and Resistance (R).

20. DC voltage sources Capacitors Battery Power Supplies

21. Electrical Current I (Ampere) No Voltage applied (potential energy), free electrons will move randomly. If DC voltage is applied, electrons will move in a specific direction.

22. Direction of Current Electron Flow We use Conventional current Flow

23. Complete Test

24. Simple Circuits

25. What do you need to build a simple circuit?

26. Components

27. Build the following circuit

28. Measure the voltage of the circuit

29. Build this circuit

30. Measure Current To measure current we use a clamp tester

31. Electrical Resistance

32. Electrical Resistance

33. Different types of resistor designs (8:20)

34. Colour Coding 1

35. Colour Coding 1 Colour Number Black 0 (start) Brown 1 (Tree) Red 2 (Tomatoes) Orange 3 (Oranges) Yellow 4 (Yellow ship) Green 5 (middle) blue 6 (6 like b) Violet 7 (7 like V) Grey 8 (old man) White 9 (stop)

36. Colour Coding 2

37. Colour Coding 3

38. Colour Coding 4

39. Colour Coding 4 Standard Series

40. Complete Test

41. Resistor Circuits

42. Ohm’s Law (9:00)

43. Ohm’s Law Voltage Amps = ----------- Ohms General Rule : Ohms reading very high (M Ω ) ( no Amps flow) – Open Load Ohms reading high (K Ω ) ( low Amps flow) Ohms reading low ( Ω ) ( High Amps flow) – short to ground

44. Measuring Insulation resistance of a motor

45. Experiment: Ohm’s law

46. Experiment: Ohm’s law

47. Experiment: Ohm’s law

48. Resistors connected in series (9:00)

49. Resistors connected in series

50. Resistors connected in series Example : In a series circuit: V supply is 10 V R1 = 10 Ω R2 = 40 Ω R3 = 50 Ω R total will be _______? I total will be _______? V1 will be ______? V2 will be ______? V3 will be ______?

51. Resistors connected in series Example : In a series circuit: V supply is 10 V R1 = 10 Ω R2 = 40 Ω R3 = 50 Ω R total will be 100 Ω ? I total will be V tot/ R tot = 0.1 A? V1 will be I tot x R1 = 1 V V2 will be I tot x R2 = 4 V V3 will be I tot x R3 = 5 V

52. Resistors connected in series

53. Experiment: resistors connected in series

54. Experiment: resistors connected in series

55. Connecting resistor in parallel

56. Connecting resistor in parallel

57. Connecting resistors in parallel

58. Experiment connecting resistors in parallel

59. Experiment resistors in parallel

60. Experiment Simulation

61. Experiment Fault Simulation

62. Electrical Power (10:25)

63. Electrical Power

64. Electrical Power

65. Power Measurement

66. Power Measurement

67. T5

68. Capacitors

69. Capacitors in DC Circuit 1

70. Capacitors in DC Circuit 1

71. Capacitors in DC Circuit 1

72. Capacitors in DC Circuit 1

73. The End