Taboo

1. In The Name Of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful

2. PRESENTED TO: Mr. Hamuyun Adil PRESENTED BY: Aarfa Tufail 11 Shamim Mukhtar 13 Maliha Hussain 14 Hira Sumbal 15 Wajiha Fiaz 37

3. Contents What is Taboo Origin Why should we care about Breaking of Taboo Universal Taboo Common Taboo Religious Taboo Taboo sex Cultural Taboo Ritual Taboo Food Taboo Taboo in Pakistan Superstitious Taboo

4. What is Taboo…? A Taboo is a vehement prohibition of an action based on the belief that such behavior is either too sacred or too accursed for ordinary individuals to undertake, under threat of supernatural punishment . "Breaking a Taboo" is usually considered objectionable by society in general, not merely a subset of a culture.

5. The term "Taboo" comes from the Tongan  tapu  or Fijian tabu related among others to the Maori  tapu , Hawaiian  kapu ,  Malagasy fady Its English use dates to 1777 when the British explorer James Cook visited Tonga From the word derived…? “When anything is forbidden to be eaten, or made use of, they say, that it is Taboo.” -James Cook

6. Usually rooted in moral or cultural beliefs, a social Taboo tells people what’s proper behavior and what’s not Taboos are important because they help us get along. Without these rules and prohibitions, we’d just be a planet of 7 million individuals doing whatever we wanted why should we care...?

7. Most often, people attempt to avoid breaking their culture's Taboos because of the stigma involved with challenging social or religious expectations. However, some people deliberately break Taboos. Deliberate Breaking of Taboo

8. No Taboo is presently known to be Universal… Sigmund Freud posited that ”incest” and ”patricide” were the only two universal Taboos and formed the basis of civilization. However, although  Cannibalism In-group murder Incest  are Taboo in the majority of societies, modern research has found exceptions for each and no Taboo is presently known to be universal.

9. Common Taboos Restrictions or ritual regulation of killing and hunting Religious Taboo Sex and sexual relationships Reproduction Abortion Infanticide Cultural Taboo Ritual Taboo Food and dining primarily Cannibalism Dietary laws

10. Religious Taboo A religious Taboo is a custom adhered to by a particular religion that restricts or prohibits a certain action It include various Taboos regarding dietary restrictions, sociocultural Taboos, dress etiquette etc

11. Self-Flagellation Practiced by sect of Roman Catholics- Flagellants Banned in 14th century In Philippines Filipinos marched on roads carrying heavy wooden crosses whipping their backs until bled Believed by devotees to cleanse sins, cure illness and even grant wishes Currently over 80% of Filipinos practice the Catholic religion

12. Self-Flagellation Followers of the Shi’a sect of Islam carry out the ritual Every year during the holy month of muharram The men whip their bodies with blades attached to chains Do not feel the pain apparently

13. Voodoo and Spiritual Possession Spirit possession is a term for the belief that animas, demons, extraterrestrials, gods, or spirits can take control of a human body The concept of spirit possession exists in many religions, including  Christianity, Buddhism, Haitian Vodou , Wicca, Hinduism, Islam and Southeast Asian and African traditions Within possession cults, the belief that one is possessed by spirits is more common among women than men

14. Voodoo and Spiritual Possession The spirit lays claim to the body, overcoming the person so that he or she becomes unconscious They remain in this state for three days without food or water, until finally they are brought back to consciousness after another set of rituals

15. Taboo sex Taboo sex means a kind of sexual behavior that is viewed as unnatural, immoral, and forbidden It includes Incest, necrophilia, miscegenation, adultery, fornication, pedophilia, homosexuality, intermarriage, bestiality, masturbation

16. Miscegenation Miscegenation is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation. The term  miscegenation  has been used since the 19th century Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws  China and Japan also had restrictions on marrying with peoples whom they considered to be of a different race.

17. Pedophilia Pedophilia  is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children, generally age 11 years or younger At present, the exact causes of pedophilia have not been conclusively established Pedophilia was first formally recognized and named in the late 19th century A significant amount of research in the area has taken place since the 1980s Although mostly documented in men, there are also women who exhibit the disorder No cure for pedophilia has been developed, but there are therapies that can reduce the incidence of a person committing child sexual abuse Pedophilia may be correlated with several different neurological abnormalities, and often co-exists with other personality disorders and psychological pathologies

18. STOP CHILD ABUSE

19. Ritual Taboo Rituals can involve something as simple as a silent, individual prayer, others—especially those involving a larger group—can be extremely painful and violent

20. The Sun Dance Native Americans are known to perform numerous rituals in honor of the Earth’s spirits Represents the Tree of life Pierced with a skewer This dance may take several hours before it is completed

21. Dancing With the Dead Famadihana , meaning “The Turning of the Bones,” is a traditional Ritual which takes place in Madagascar The participants believe that the faster the body decomposes, the faster the spirit reaches the afterlife Dig up their loved ones, dance with their corpses to live music around the tomb Carried out every two to seven years

22. The Nine Emperor Gods Ritual is a Taoist celebration carried out in Penang, Malaysia Walking barefoot on burning embers. To overcome impurity and repel evil influences Hundreds of devotees walk over the fire Fire Walking

23. Vine jumping Popular ritual near the island Pacific Archipelago Bungee jumping Gkol - land diving To get more blessings

24. Impaling The annual Vegetarian Ritual in Phuket , Thailand, is host to a most extreme ritual Intensely masochistic event requires the participants to push spears, knives, swords, hooks and even guns through their cheeks Protecting them from evil and bringing good luck to the community

25. Cultural Taboo Cultural Taboo is about particular polynesian group of people performing sacred prohibition which make them untouchable, unmentionable

26. Banana-tree marrying Mangliks of India Eligible banana tree in India Superstitious sort , this aspect is thought to bring catastrophic bad luck Astrologically afflicted symbolically marries a banana or pipal tree All the bad luck is believed to be transferred to the bark.

27. Venom-injecting Satere-Mawe tribe of the Amazon Wicker glove, Enraged ants, Masochistic tendencies Satere-Mawe , who live along a tributary of the Brazilian Amazon, test their mettle by thrusting Rooted in tribal mythology, is accompanied by enthusiastic dancing and singing

28. Frog Wedding Severe rain shortage prompted villagers in the Indian state of West Bengal The frog wedding An ancient Hindu belief The rains have been slow in coming to much of the country

29. Cross-dressing Wodaabe Men of Niger The Wodaabe tribe of northern Niger During the Gerewol Ritual at the end of the rainy season A straight line to preen and smile, The winner’s prize? A night of passion with one of the judges.

30. Scarification A tribe in Papua New Guinea called Kaningara practices To strength connection between them and their environment Ritual ceremonies is carried out in Haus Tambaran , or “The Spirit House In Haus Tambaran for two months An expert cutter marks their bodies with sharp pieces of bamboo

31. Wearing a Green Hat is Bad News Foreigners might think that a green hat is just like any other hat, but not in China. In China, a "green hat" means The most horrible color Why does “ 绿帽子 ( lǜ màozi )” carry such a particular meaning in China?

32. Food taboos

33. “Food and drink taboos are food and beverages which people abstain from consuming because of a religious or cultural prohibition” A taboo may be followed by a whole national group or tribe, by part of a tribe or by certain groups in the society.

34. Revolve around children. -if children eat chicken before they learn to speak, they will never talk. -Eating half an egg will make the child grow into a thief. -If children drink milk from a baby bottle will turn them into a drunkard. Many animal meat are taboo. -frogs -snails -iguana -cats -dogs  Jamaican Food Taboos

35. In China, after finishing a meal at a restaurant, Never stick your chopsticks upright in the left-over rice at the bottom of the bowl. Taking last piece of food on plate is considered greedy. Don’t tap bowl with chopsticks- beggers do that. Chinese food Taboos That practice is employed when families offer a meal to their ancestors' ghosts at family shrines.

36. Taiwan Food Taboos In Taiwan, one should not point with chopsticks, treat them as toys or use them to stab at food items. But, more importantly, one should not just stick chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Ying Yang fish: This fish’s tail half is deep fried while it’s alive, and the dish is eaten in Taiwan with the head still fresh and moving.

37. South African food Taboos Do put your napkin on your lap upon being seated. Crossing knife and fork on the plate indicate that you are still eating. Placing your knife and fork together indicate that you have finished eating. In several African nations earth in the form of clay is mined and formed into little bars that are sold and eaten.

38. French food Taboos In France, never take vine as a gift. The French say bon appétit before starting a meal and you should not start eating until your hosts do. Eating horse is also one of the major food taboos of the United States and France. It is considered rude to rush through a meal or hurry your order along. Never leave the food on your plate as indicate that you did not enjoy your meal.

39. Live animals food Taboos Live octopus eaten in Korea when its tentacles are still moving. Oysters: These foods are consumed throughout the world while still alive. Live oysters are much desired in restaurants around the world, including in the United States.

40. Live insects: -stink -Bug -Tarantulas In china, Japan, Korea etc In some cultures, live insects are eaten in a more ritualistic fashion Others include insects as staples in their diets.

41. Cats are ceremoniously eaten in this African nation during special event saimed at bringing good luck to a community. In Switzerland, some rural Swiss communities cook cats in several meals .

42. Cannibalism Cannibalism is the practice of eating the flesh of your own kind Cannibalism is one of the most bizarre taboo and this would be the last thing on earth that a human can do to survive. They believe that the greatest fear for human beings is the fear of their own death.

43. Cannibalism More recently, isolated cases of cannibalism have cropped up in Brazil, Germany, India, Thailand, North Korea, Pakistan and Africa.

44. Why?? - Sweeter taste. The average human adult provides 30 kilograms (66 lb) of food, including fat, muscle, organs, and skin.   therapists diagnose cannibals as psychopathic, meaning they are aware of what they’re doing but lack the empathy to appreciate the wrongness of their actions.

45. Taboos in Pakistan

46. Taboos in Pakistan There are number of taboos in Pakistani society but we discussed some of major taboos in this regard which are as follow: Dowry Satanic & Black magic Honor killing ( karo kari ) Child marriage ( Vani ) Watta Satta Divorce

47. Dowry “Dowry is not a Mare Evil It is a Mother of Many Evils” Dreadful and unethical practice. Common among: -the illiterate or uneducated people. -the rich, educated, cultural (so called). As in the report, there were almost 60 cases of Burning Bride for not giving dowry.

48. Satanic & Black Magi Pakistan is an Islamic state with one of the highest percentage of Muslims in the world. Pakistan is plagued with black magic. Main cause: -Jealousy. Mental illness and psychological problems are considered by some to be an encounter with  Shaitan . The villagers call upon a ” Pir ”  believed to be endowed with mystical powers that can purify contaminated water after severe floods.

49. Child Marriage Vani is a cultural custom found in parts of Pakistan wherein young girls are forcibly married as part of punishment for a crime committed by her male relatives.  Result of punishment decided by a council of tribal elders- jirga .

50. Watta Satta

51. Divorce Divorce is a taboo in Pakistan, where women can face threats of violence or even death - particularly in the most conservative rural regions bordering Afghanistan. Even so, divorce is on the rise. Women in Pakistan protest on the International Day to End Violence Against Women

52. Superstition in Pakistan

53. Associated with modern "black magic"; drawn together in popular culture and fiction. Voodoo has its own distinct history and traditions that have little to do with the traditions of modern witchcraft. Their penchant for magic associated with curses, poisons and zombies Voodoo

54. Human bones in occult There are grave-digging incidents in Karachi and cemeteries in different regions of Pakistan where bones are stolen from the graves. Digging up graves to steal human bones for use in black magic. Occult practices are believed to be widespread in Pakistan where religious beliefs, superstitions and illiteracy play a big role in everyday life

55. Food Taboos in Pakistan Alcohol: It is banned according to Islamic dietary laws, as are any foods prepared with alcohol, such as vanilla extract. Birds: Birds that hunt with talons and prey on animals or other birds cannot be consumed. Birds who eat seeds and vegetables like chickens and pigeons are halal . Many food taboos exist in Islamic culture. As Pakistan is an Islamic country so food taboos are same that of Islamic dietary laws.

56. Blood: products that contain blood, or are made from blood are forbidden Insects: are haram foods except for locusts. 5 . Other forbidden meats: this include meat of donkey, mule, dog, cat, monkey, mouse, rat, elephant and fanged predators. Meat cannot be eaten from any animal that has died by any other means that Zabihah slaughter.

57. Food Taboos in Pakistan Pigs: Pigs are always haram , proving that similar food taboos among different cultures often occur. Like Judaism, Islam has strict laws forbidding pork products. Islamic dietary law goes beyond kosher restrictions and explains that a Muslim can’t have anything to do with a pig.

58. Have sweet dreams