Taipei 101

taipei 101

1. Taipei 101 TAIWAN

2. Taipei 101    – stylized as  TAIPEI 101  and formerly known as the  Taipei World Financial Center  – is a  landmark   supertall skyscraper  in  Xinyi District ,  Taipei , Taiwan.  The building was officially classified as the  world's tallest  in 2004, and remained such until the completion of the  Burj Khalifa  in  Dubai  in 2009.  In 2011, the building was awarded the LEED platinum certification, the highest award according to the  Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design  (LEED) rating system, and became the tallest and largest  green building  in the world.

3. It used to have the fastest elevator in the world, traveling at 60.6 km/h and transporting passengers from the 5th to 89th floor in 37 seconds  . Construction on the 101-story tower started in 1999 and finished in 2004. Taipei 101 is primarily owned by pan-government shareholders. The name that was originally planned for the building, Taipei World Financial Center, until 2003, was derived from the name of the owner. The original name in Chinese was  Taipei International Financial Center .

4. SOME BASIC INFORMATION Architect – C.Y.Lee & Partners Structural Engineer – Shaw Shieh Structural Consult. – Thornton-Tomasetti Engineers, New York City Year Started – June 1998 (Mall already open) Total Height – 508m No. of Floors – 101 Plan Area – 50m X 50m Cost – $ 700 million Building Use – Office Complex + Mall Parking - 83,000 m2, 1800 cars Retail - Taipei 101 Mall (77,033 m2) Offices - Taiwan Stock Exchange (198,347 m2) ARCHITECTURAL STYLE Structure depicts a bamboo stalk Youth and Longevity Everlasting Strength Pagoda Style Eight prominent sections Chinese lucky number “8” In China, 8 is a homonym for prosperity Even number = “rhythm and symmetry” Basement and first 8 floors BUILDING FRAME Materials 60ksi Steel 10,000 psi Concrete Systems Outrigger Trusses Moment Frames Belt Trusses Lateral Load Resistance Braced Moment Frames in the building’s core Outrigger from core to perimeter Perimeter Moment Frames Shear walls

5. Features Heights : Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground, as well as 5 basement levels. It was not only the first building in the world to break the half-kilometer mark in height, but also the world's tallest building from March 2004 to 10 March 2010. As of 28 July 2011, it is still the world's largest and highest-use green building . Upon its completion, Taipei 101 was the world's tallest inhabited building, at 509.2 m (1,671 ft) as measured to its height architectural top ( spire ), exceeding the  Petronas Towers. This lower figure is derived by measuring from the top of a 1.2 m (4 ft) platform at the base

6. structural design 380 piles with 3 inch concrete slab. Mega columns- 8 cm thick steel & 10,000 psi concrete infill to provide for overturning. Walls - 5 & 7 degree slope. 106,000 tons of steel, grade 60- 25% stronger. 6 cranes on site – steel placement. Electrical & Mechanical. Curtain wall placement. CHALLENGES FACED Taipei being a coastal city the problems present are: Weak soil conditions (The structures tend to sink). Typhoon winds (High lateral displacement tends to topple structures). Large potential earthquakes (Generates shear forces). STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Braced core with belt trusses.FLOOR SLAB (STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS) Slabs are composite in nature and are typically 13.5 cms thick.

7. RWDI designed a 660-tonne (728-short-ton)[29][30][31] steel pendulum that serves as a tuned mass damper, at a cost of NT$132 million (US$4 million).[32] Suspended from the 92nd to the 87th floor, the pendulum sways to offset movements in the building caused by strong gusts. Its sphere, the largest damper sphere in the world, consists of 41 circular steel plates of varying diameters, each 125 mm (4.92 in) thick, welded together to form a 5.5 m (18 ft) diameter sphere.

8. Structural façade Taipei 101's characteristic blue-green glass curtain walls are double paned and glazed, offer heat and UV protection sufficient to block external heat by 50 percent, and can sustain impacts of 7 tonnes (8 short tons) . The façade system of glass and aluminum panels installed into an inclined moment-resisting lattices contributes to overall lateral rigidity. A double chamfered step design was found to dramatically reduce this crosswind oscillation, resulting in the final design's "double stairstep" corner façade. Taipei 101's own roof and façade recycled water system meets 20 to 30 percent of the building's water needs

9. interior 101st floor Summit 101 (Private VIP Club)[66] 92nd – 100th floor Communication 91st floor Outdoor Observatory Deck 88th – 89th floor Indoor Observatory Deck 85th – 86th floor Observatory Restaurant[2] 59th – 84th floor High Zone Office 59th – 60th floor Sky lobbies 35th – 58th floor Mid Zone Office 36th floor Taipei 101 Conference Center[2] 35th – 36th floor Sky lobbies 35th floor Amenities [2] 9th – 34th floor Low Zone Office B1st – 5th floor Taipei 101 Mall[2] B5th - B2nd floor Parking Levels[2]

10. Taipei 101, fourth from left, compared with other tallest buildings in Asia.

11. Major earthquake took place in Taiwan during 31 March 2002 destroying a construction crane at the roof top, which was at floor number 47. The crane fell down onto the Xinyi Road beneath the tower, crushing several vehicles and causing five deaths – two crane operators and three workers who were not properly harnessed. However, an inspection showed no structural damage to the building, and construction work was able to restart within a week.

12. Safety By the attacks on September 11, 2001 in New York, it was necessary to provide for the building of a good security. A small list of some safety measures: All pillars and steel supports are sprayed with fireproof foam. Taipei 101 has much firewater: two full Olympic swimming pools full. On every eighth floor an evacuation zone has been constructed. These spaces are fireproof and provide refuge for people in the building. The building has 34 double-deck elevators, and 29 regular lifts, a total of 63 in 36 seconds, the elevators from the ground floor to floor 89 can fly. This provides a speed of about 60 kilometers per hour.

13. More drawbacks There are more disadvantages to the Taipei 101: The nearby airport Sung Shan demanded that the tower only 392 meters high could be because this would be an obstacle to the aircraft. This was rejected, and instead there were spotlights placed on the building in order to warn aircraft in a timely manner. Taipei 101 is built on a 55 meter thick layer of clay. Because this is definitely not a good foundation has been beaten 557 concrete pillars into the ground to 80 meters. This makes about 25 meters of the pillars of the clay layer in a layer of solid rock.

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