Tannins and resins.

phenolic compounds and tannins.
Resin and Resin combination

1. WELCOME TO MY PRESENTATION M R SUMON SARKAR Department Of Pharmacy

2. Contents : 1.Definition. 2.Physical Properties. 3.Chemical Properties. 4. Medicinal and biological properties. 5.Classification. 6 . Chemical test for i dentification. 7. Importance of tannins. 8. Tannin contain in crude drug. 9. Drugs containing tannin.

3. Tannins (or tannoids ) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids . Tannins are polyhydroxy phenolic compounds . Tannins have molecular weights ranging from 500 to over 3,000 ( gallic acid esters) and up to 20,000 ( proanthocyanidins ).

4. Physical Properties: Color: Dark brown or reddish brown. Taste : Puckering taste. State : Non-crystalline. Solubility : Soluble in water, alcohol, dilute alkalis, glycerols and acetone. Chemical Properties: Precipitation ( ii) Anti-oxidizing properties ( iii) Astringent ( iv) Carcinogenicity ( v) Reaction with salts(ferric salts) (vi ) Reaction with potassium ferricyanide and ammonia(deep red colour formation).

5. Medicinal and biological properties: ( i )T annin-containing drugs will precipitate protein and have been used traditionally as styptics(stop haemorrhage ) and internally for the protection of inflamed surfaces of mouth and throat . ( ii)They act as anti- diarrheals and have been employed as antidotes in poisoning by heavy metals , alkaloids and glycosides.

6. Chemical Classification of tannins: Based on identity of phenolic nuclei involved and on the way they are joined . T annins Hydrolysable tannins Condensed tannins Complex tannins

7. 1.Composed of central sugars with all its OH esterified with Phenolic acid. 2.They can be hydrolyzed by acids or enzymes. 3.They produce sugars and: i. Gallic acid ( Gallitannins ) Present in Clove, Hammamilis ii.Ellagic acid ( Ellagitannins ) Present in Geranium 4.Produce pyrogallol on dry distillation. Hydrolysable tannins

8. Condensation product of Flavan-3,4-diol. They resist hydrolysis . Produce catechol on dry distillation. Present in Cinchona, Cinnamon, Green tea. Condensed tannins catechin

9. These tannins are mixtures of both hydrolysable and condensed tannins. Examples: Tea Quercus Castanea Complex tannins

10. Chemical test for identification : Gelatin test. 2.Goldbeater’s skin test. 3.Phenazone test . 4. Match stick test ( Catechin test ). 5. Test for chlorogenic acid. 6.Vanillin-hydrochloride acid test.

11. Importance of tannins: Medicinal Uses: Antidote. Antiseptic. Astringents. Anti-carcinogenic. Industrial Uses: i . Ink manufacture. ii. Vegetable tanning. iii. Preservatives. Biological Activities: i . Decrease in blood urea nitrogen content. ii. Inhibition of plasmin. iii. Lipolysis in fat cells. iv. Inhibition of lipid per oxidation .

12. Tannin contain in crude drug Hydrolysable tannin 1. Myrobalan 2. Bahera 3. Amla 4. Arjuna Non- hydrolysable tannin Ashoka Black catechu 3 .Pale catechu 4 . Pterocarpus

13. DRUGS CONTAINING TANNIN Catechu Scientific Name: Uncaria gambir Family: Rubiaceae Constituents: Catechin Catechutannic acid Catechu red Gambir flourescin Uses: Astringent Dying Tanning industry

14. Nutt gall Scientific Name : Quercus infectoria Family: Fagacea Constituents: Tannic acid Gallic acid Ellagic acid Roburic acid Syringic acid Calcium oxalate crystals Uses: Haemostatic Antidote for alkaloidal poisoning Astringent

15. Resins and Resin combination Definition : Amorphous products. Complex chemical nature. Formed in schizogenous or in schizolysigenous ducts or cavities . S econdary metabolites produced by higher plants.

16. Physically :- Resins are usually hard, transparent or translucent . When heated, they soften and finally melt. Chemically :- They are complex mixtures of resin acids , resin alcohols, resin phenols ( resinotannols ). Solubility :- Insoluble in water & petroleum spirit . Soluble in alcohol,chloroform & ether. Properties:

17. Occurrence: Resins occur in different secretory zones or structures. Examples are as follows: i )Resin Cells: Ginger ii) Schizogenous Ducts : Pine Wood iii)Glandular Hairs : Cannabis

18. On the basis of occurrence with other secondary metabolites: A . Oleoresins – naturally occurring mixtures of a volatile oil and a resin B . Gum resins – resin associated with gum. C . Oleo-gum resins – a naturally occurring mix of volatile oil, gums/ mucilagenous compound with a resin. D . Glycoresins – resins in combination with sugar compounds via Glycosidal linkages. E . Balsams – resins in combination with benzoic or cinnamic acid either free or combine. Classification

19. Synonym: Indian hemp, Indian cannabis, Hashish, Bhang, Ganja, Charas . Useful part: Dried flowering tops. Scientific name: Cannabis sativa Linn. . Chemical constituents: C omprises 15-20% resins active constituents include –cannabinol , cannabidiol , cannabidiolic acid, cannabichromene & cannabigerol . Uses: It is a narcotic, sedative & analgesic. It has psychotropic properties & used as a drug in a very little amounts. It causes euphoria and later mental disturbances. Cannabis

20. Synonym : chillies , cayenne pepper, red pepper, capsicum fruits, fructus capsici , mirch ( hindi ). Useful part : Dried ripen fruits. Scientific name : Capsicum annum Linn . Uses : externally : stimulant , counter irritant, rubefacient , sore throat, scarlatina , hoarseness & yellow fever. internally : carminative , stomachic, dyspepsia, flatulence. in the form of ointment, plaster & medicated wool. Chemical constituents: it contains fixed oils 4.16%, volatile oil-1.5 %, ascorbic acid-0.2%, oleo resin, carotenoids, capsacutin , capsico (volatile alkaloid), thiamine. capsicum

21. Synonym: Rhizome zingiberis , Zingiber . Useful part: Dried rhizome. Scientific name: Zingiber officinale . Chemical constituents: Contains volatile oils 1-2% ( α - zingiberol , α – bisabolene etc ) resin 5-8 %,zingeron. Uses : U sed as antiemetic, carminative, condiment . Ginger

22. Synonym: Thomas balsam, Opo balsam , Resin tolu . Useful part: Stem . Scientific name: Myroxylon balsamum . Chemical constituents : Contains free cinnamic acid 12-16 %, free benzoic acid 8 %, oily liquid 7.6 %. Uses : Used as expectorant, antiseptic & flavouring agent. Tolu Balsam

23. Thank you