TAXONOMY general biology2 stem shs..pptx

TAXONOMY general biology2 stem shs..pptx

1. TAXONOMY The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure, origin, etc.

2. Why classify things? Organize Categorize Order _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Supermarkets

3. Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

4. Taxonomic classification of organisms (Linnean System) D omain K ingdom P hylum C lass O rder F amily G enus S pecies

5. Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups, much like addresses are organized into smaller categories. Kingdom Country Phylum Region Class Province Order Town Family Neighborhood Genus Street Species House Number

6. KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES

7. Scientific name

8. Scientific name

9. Linneaus 1750 Grouped living things by their PHYSICAL TRAITS Grouped things into KINGDOMS Gave all living things a two-part name Provided a ‘universal language’ for scientists when identifying organisms BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Two Name Naming System

10. To write the scientific name The binomial name consists of a genus name and specific epithet.  The scientific  names of species are italicized . The genus name is always capitalized and is written first; the specific epithet follows the genus name and is not capitalized. There is no exception to this.

11. Malus domestica

12. Mangifera indica

13. Canis lupus familiaris

14. Musa Acuminata

15. BACTERIA PROTIST FUNGUS PLANT ANIMAL Number of Cells (single/multi) Single Single (except algae) Multi (except yeast) Multi Multi Prokaryotic/ Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Producer/Consumer Both Both Consumer (decomposer) Producer Consumer Mobile/Non-mobile Both Both Non-mobile Non-mobile Mobile Cell Wall (yes/no) Yes (Cellulose) No Yes (Chitin ) Yes No Characteristics of Kingdoms

16. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal Primate Hominid Pan troglodytes

17. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animal Chordate Mammal carnivore Felidae Pantera leo

18. Research the following Sunflower Wolf African Elephant Bullfrog Dog Mushroom Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

19. 1 2 3 4 5 KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia PHYLUM Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata CLASS Mammalia Mammailia Mammalia Mammailia Reptilia ORDER Carnivora Cetacea Carnivora Cetacea Eusuchia FAMILY Canidae Dolphinidae Hyaenidae Dolphinidae Cercapithecidae GENUS Lycaun Tursiops Hyaena Orcinus Crocodylus SPECIES pictus Aduncus brunnea orca acutus The scientific name is made up of what two classification groups? ___________________________ What is the scientific name of organism 2? __________________________ Which two organisms are most closely related? _________________ Why? Which two organisms share the most traits in common? ____________________ What organism is most distant from all the organisms listed? ________________ Organism C and A are related because they share the same___________________? Organism E and A are related because they share the same____________________? Explain why organism B is like a human. What kind of organism is a Hyaena brunnea ? ____________________________ a Trusiops aduncus ? ___________________

20. LINNAEUS' SYSTEM HAS LIMITATIONS Since the Linnaean system focuses on physical similarities alone…molecular studies (genetic sequences) are not considered. Genetic similarities between two species are more likely than physical similarities to show ___________________________________ COMMON ANCESTORY

21. CLASSIFICATION TODAY Carl Woese Revealed genetic differences in the DNA sequences of organisms Classified organisms into 3 DOMAINS BACTERIA ARCHAEA EUKARYA

22. Cladogram An evolutionary tree that suggests how species may be related Over evolutionary time, certain traits in a group of species, or clade, stay the same. Other traits change.

23. Derived Characters Derived characters are traits that are shared by some species but not by others The more closely related species are, the more derived characters they will share Derived characters are shown as hash marks

24. Nodes Each place where a branch splits is called a node. Nodes represent the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade.

25. What do the house cat and the turtle have in common? What does the leopard have in common with the wolf? What organisms are most closely related?

26. ______ Dogs belong to the order Felidae . ______ A fox belongs to the phylum Arthropoda . 3. ______ Snakes belong to the phylum Reptilia . 4. ______ Lions belong to the class mammalia 5. ______ All arthropods belong to the Class Insecta 6. ______ All rodents belong to the phylum chordata . 7. ______ All amphibians belong to the class reptilia . 8. _______ All primates are mammals. 9. _______ The class mammalia includes dogs, cats and rats. 10. ______ A lion belongs to the genus Felis . 11. ______ All mammals are primates. 12. ______ Insects and lobsters are arthropods. In each set, circle the pair that is most closely related. 13. snakes & crocodiles | snakes & frogs 14. rats & cats | cats & dogs 15. insects & lobsters | insects & birds 16. lions & tigers | lions & cougars 17. foxes & rats | foxes & dogs 18. cats & dogs | cats & lions 19. List (use species name) all the animals pictured that belong in the Felidae family. 20. The image does not show orders of insects. Suggest three categories of insects that would likely be grouped into orders. Hint: think about what kind of insects there are. Add your three categories to the image. Bonus: Create an addition to the image given the following information. a. Mollusks are divided into three classes: Class Cephalopoda (squids), Class Gastropoda (snails), Class Bivalve (clams and oysters) b. Cephalapods have a few orders, one of which is Octopoda (octopus) and and another is Teuthida (squids) c. The scientific name for the common octopus is Octopus vulgaris . d. The scientific name for the common european squid is Loligo vulgaris   INTERPRETING TAXONOMY GRAPHS

27. a. Wings covered by a hard covering (exoskeleton)……. go to 2 b. Wings not covered by exoskeleton……. go to 3 a. Body is round shape…… b. Body is elongated…… Lady bug Grasshopper a. Wings point toward the back……… b. Wings point toward the sides….. Go to 4 Housefly Dichotomous key a. Wings are large and broad……. b. Wings are long and thin…... Butterfly Dragonfly A tool used to determine the identity of an organism

28. EXAMPLE OF A DICHOTOMOUS KEY MONEY TAXONOMIC KEY 1 A. Metal....................................................go to 2 1 B. Paper....................................................go to 5 2 A. Brown (copper)........................................penny 2 B. Silver....................................................go to 3 3 A. Smooth edge...........................................nickel. 3 B. Ridges around the edge...............................go to 4 4 A. Torch on back..........................................dime 4 B. Eagle on back...........................................quarter

29.   1. a. Needle leaves go to 2 b. Non-needle leaves go to 3 2. a. Needles are clustered Pine b. Needles are in singlets Spruce 3. a. Simple leaves (single leaf) go to 4 b. Compound leaves (made of “leaflets”) go to 7   4. a. Smooth edged go to 5 b. Jagged edge go to 6   5. a. Leaf edge is smooth Magnolia b. Leaf edge is lobed White Oak   6. a. Leaf edge is small and tooth-like Elm b. Leaf edge is large and thorny Holly 7. a. Leaflets are attached at one single point Chestnut b. Leaflets are attached at multiple points Walnut DICOTOMOUS KEY _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

30. Considering the levels of classification, explain which organisms share the most traits in common? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Considering the levels of classification, explain which organisms are most closely related. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

31. DO YOU HAVE “CLASS”? What are 2 reasons we classify things? Who was the person who named organisms with a two-part naming system? On what one aspect was the second classification system based? What is the Latin term we use in our naming system to classify/identify organisms? What are the 7 groups of classification, (from largest to smallest)? Which group is the most broad? The most specific? What two groups make up the scientific names of all organisms? *For order / To find things more easily *To show how things are similar Carolus Linnaeus Specific Traits Binomial Nomenclature Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species *Kingdom *Species Genus and species