Technical seminar APS RUKMINI (1AM20AE019) (1).pptx

ppt

1. AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE 18KM BANNERGHATTA MAIN ROAD ,BANGALORE -560083 DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Technical Seminar on AIRCRAFT WING Submitted by N P VARUN ACHAR 1AM21AE401 UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF LAKKAPPA METI Assistant Professor Aeronautical Engineering

2. Table of contents Introduction Historical Background Definition of Wing How lift is generated Wing constructional introduction Internal structure of wing Wing Construction & Mathematics Types of Wing Stability devices on wirg Development of wing from 1900-2015 Unconventional designs

3. Introduction Aircraft wings are aerodynamic surfaces attached to the fuselage of an airplane. Generate lift by creating a pressure difference between the upper and lower surfaces, allowing the aircraft to overcome gravity and achieve flight. Wings help maintain the aircraft’s orientation, stability, and maneuverability during flight.

4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Ancient Chinese: Kites with curved surfaces flew better than kites with flat surfaces

5. Propulsion System Propulsion is a means of creating force leading to movement. The term is derived from two Latin words : pro, meaning before or forward; and puller, meaning to drive. A propulsion system consists of a source of mechanical power, and a propulsor (means of converting this power into propulsive force). An aircraft propulsion system must achieve two things. First, the thrust from the propulsion system must balance the drag of the airplane when the airplane is cruising. And second, the thrust from the propulsion system must exceed the drag of the airplane for the airplane to accelerate. In fact, the greater the difference between the thrust and the drag, called the excess thrust, the faster the airplane will accelerate.

6. Aircraft Motion This slide shows some rules for the simplified motion of an aircraft. By simplified motion we mean that some of the four forces acting on the aircraft are balanced by other forces and that we are looking at only one force and one direction at a time. In reality, this simplified motion doesn't occur because all of the forces are interrelated to the aircraft's speed, altitude, orientation, etc. But looking at the forces ideally and individually does give us some insight and is much easier to understand . If the forces become unbalanced, the aircraft will move in the direction of the greater force. We can compute the acceleration which the aircraft will experience from Newton's second law of motion. F = m * a Where a is the acceleration, m is the mass of the aircraft, and F is the net force acting on the aircraft.

7. If the weight is decreased while the lift is held constant, the airplane will rise: Lift > Weight - Aircraft Rises If the lift is decreased while the weight is constant, the plane will fall: Weight > Lift - Aircraft Falls Similarly, increasing the thrust while the drag is constant will cause the plane to accelerate: Thrust > Drag - Aircraft Accelerates And increasing the drag at a constant thrust will cause the plane to slow down: Drag > Thrust - Aircraft Slows .

8. Aircraft Engine An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. Examples of engines used in aviation include: Piston Engine . Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines. Examples of engines used in aviation include: Piston Engine Turbojet Engine Turboprop Engine Turboshaft Engine Turbofan Engine

9. Gas Turbine A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in between. The basic operation of the gas turbine is similar to that of the steam power plant except that air is used instead of water. Fresh atmospheric air flows through a compressor that brings it too higher pressure. Energy is then added by spraying fuel into the air and igniting it, so the combustion generates a high temperature flow. This high temperature high pressure gas enters a turbine, where it expands down to the exhaust

10. Jet Propulsion Jet propulsion is thrust produced by passing a jet of matter (typically air or water) in the opposite direction to the direction of motion. By Newton's third law, the moving body is propelled in the opposite direction to the jet. It is most commonly used in the jet engine but is also the favored means of propulsion used to power various space craft . A jet engine is a reaction engine that discharges a fast-moving jet of fluid to generate thrust by jet propulsion and in accordance with Newton's laws of motion. This broad definition of jet engines includes turbojets, turbofans, rockets, ramjets, pulse jets and pump-jets. In general, most jet engines are internal combustion engines, but non-combusting forms also exist.

11. Conclusions A propulsion system is a machine that produces thrust to push an object forward. On airplanes, thrust is usually generated through some application of Newton's third law of action and reaction. A gas, or working fluid, is accelerated by the engine, and the reaction to this acceleration produces a force on the engine. The four basic parts of a jet engine are the compressor, turbine, combustion chamber, and propelling nozzles . Air is compressed, then led through chambers where its volume is increased by the heat of fuel combustion. On emergence it spins the compression rotors, which in turn act on the incoming air .

12. References Thermodynamics by P. K. Nag Engineering Thermodynamics by R. K. Rajput http://www.grc.nasa.gov https://spaceflightsystems.grc.nasa.gov https://en.wikipedia.org