Techniques of creative thinking

1. Contents Introduction Different techniques of creative thinking. Focus Groups Brainstorming Attribute Analysis Synectics Checklist of questions Conclusion Reference

2. Introduction Techniques which are used in developing creativity or resolving problems by creative thinking come under the techniques of creative thinking.

3. Different techniques of creative thinking Focus Groups Brainstorming Attribute Analysis Synectics Checklist of questions

4. FOCUS GROUPS A  focus group  is a form of  qualitative research  in which a group of people are asked about their attitude towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging.

5. FOCUS GROUPS Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members

6. FOCUS GROUPS The first focus group was created at the  Bureau of Applied Social Research  by associate director, sociologist Robert K. Merton.  The term itself was coined by psychologist and marketing expert  Ernest Dichter

7. FOCUS GROUPS How to plan and prepare for Focus Groups. Types of focus groups. Useful tips to encourage discussion Benefits of focus groups Problems related to focus groups

8. Two-way focus group  - one focus group watches another focus group and discusses the observed interactions and conclusion. Dual moderator focus group  - one moderator ensures the session progresses smoothly , while another ensures that all the topics are covered. Types of focus groups

9. Dueling moderator focus group  - Two moderators deliberately take opposite sides on the issue under discussion. Respondent moderator focus group  - one or more of the respondents are asked to act as the moderator temporarily. Types of focus groups

10. Types of focus groups Client participant focus groups  - One or more client representatives participate in the discussion, either covertly or overtly. Mini focus groups  - Groups are composed of four or five members rather than 6 to 12.

11. Types of Focus Group Teleconference focus groups  - telephone network is used. Online focus groups  - computers connected via the internet are used

12. How to plan and prepare for Focus Groups Invite around 6 to 8 people to participate for a session to last for about an hour. Then, prepare an agenda including a list of the top-level issues to be tackled (if appropriate).

13. How to plan and prepare for focus groups Prepare an introduction script explaining the purpose of the day and how the day will be run. Be sure to always use a quiet room and  arrange people in a circle  (possibly around a table).

14. Useful tips to encourage discussion Ask participants to think about an issue for a few minutes and write down their responses. Ask each participant to read, and elaborate on, one of their responses.

15. Useful tips to encourage discussion Note the responses on a flipchart/whiteboard Once everyone has given a response, participants will be asked for a second or third response , until all of their answers have been noted. These responses can then be discussed .

16. Benefits of focus groups Group discussion produces data and insights that would be less accessible without interaction. Group members discover a common language to describe similar experiences . This enables the capture of a form of “native language” or “vernacular speech” to understand the situation.

17. Benefits of focus groups Focus groups also provide an opportunity for disclosure among similar others in a setting where participants are validated.

18. Problems related to focus groups  The researcher has less control over a group than a one-on-one interview, and thus time can be lost on issues irrelevant to the topic. The number of members of a focus group is not large enough to be a representative sample of a population; thus, the data obtained from the groups is not necessarily representative of the whole population , unlike the data of opinion polls.

19. BRAINSTORMING Brainstorming is the way of making of a group of people all think about samething at same time , often in order to solve a problem or to create a good idea (oxford dictionary).

20. BRAINSTORMING Brainstorming   is a group creativity technique designed to generate a large number of ideas  for the solution of a problem. In 1953 the method was popularized by  Alex Faickney Osborn  in a book called  Applied Imagination.

21. Rules of Brainstorming Methods of Brainstorming Types of Brainstorming BRAINSTORMING

22. Rules of Brainstorming Focus on quantity : This rule is a means of enhancing divergent production , aiming to facilitate problem solving through the maxim-  quantity breeds quality .

23. Rules of Brainstorming Withhold criticism : In brainstorming, criticism of ideas generated should be put 'on hold'. By suspending judgment, participants will feel free to generate unusual ideas.

24. Rules of Brainstorming Welcome unusual ideas : To get a good and long list of ideas , unusual ideas are welcomed.

25. Rules of Brainstorming Combine and improve ideas : Good ideas may be combined to form a single better good idea , It is believed to stimulate the building of ideas by a process of  association.

26. Methods of Brainstorming Set the problem Create a background memo Select participants Create a list of lead questions Session conduct

27. Types of Brainstorming Webbing Venn Diagram

28. Types of Brainstorming Webbing- Webbing is a way to see what you know about a topic.

29. Types of Brainstorming Webbing- Start with a bubble in the center of the page, then write your thesis statement in the bubble. Mr. T is the best teacher ever

30. Types of Brainstorming Webbing-

31. Types of Brainstorming Webbing-

32. Venn Diagram

33. Venn Diagram

34. Venn Diagram

35. Venn Diagram

36. ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS Attribute analysis is the process of breaking down a problem, idea, or thing into attributes or component parts and then thinking about the attributes rather than the thing itself.

37. Steps in attribute analysis Identification of major attributes Generation of alternatives Evaluation of alternatives

38. Principles of Attribute Listing Creativity deals with inspiration Product A + Product B = New Creation Search concrete and closely related substitutes of an existing or current attribute

39. Principles contd.. Now it can be upgraded to more and more far-out alternatives Creation is a continuing stream of modification

40. Procedures of Attribute Listing Listing of all obvious attributes of an object or activity. e.g.- color, shape, size etc. Identifying those attributes that can be altered without destroying the main function of the object

41. Steps in attribute listing Listing of basic but modifiable attributes Generating alternatives to the current attribute Listing abstract or generic attributes of the object or activity

42. SYNECTICS Synectics is a problem solving method that stimulates thought processes of which the subject may be unaware. This method was developed by George M. Prince and William J. J. Gordon, originating in the Arthur D. Little Invention Design Unit in the 1950s. Synectics is a technique of problem solving by using a variety of analogies.

43. Major Analogies Direct analogy Personal analogy Fantasy analogy Symbolic analogy

44. Checklist of Questions Questions are the creative acts of intelligence, for that they could be so designed as to force a dramatic shift of perspective.

45. CONCLUSION Creative thinking techniques are very much useful to generating new ideas in every organization . The new way of thinking should always be encouraged and creativity should always be welcomed.

46. Reference Creativity and Entrepreneurship By- Dafna Karif Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management By- M.B.Shukla www.creativecommons.org www. expertise.ac .in www.nbcindia.com www.egyankosh.com ( Oxford Dictionary) WWW.gogle.com WWW.wikipeadia.org www.slideshare.com IGNOU study Materials.

47. Link To become a successful entrepreneur, one must be creative , because creative thinking yields idea, plan, technology and most importantly solution of many problems. And for being creative , one should learn the techniques of creative thinking. So friends…………. John fitzgerald Kannedy 35 th US president