Technology and society,E waste managment,identity theft,Gender and disability issue in using computer (1).pdf

Technology ewaste

1. Computer Science
Class XI ( Asper CBSEBoard)
Chapter 18
Technology and
society,Ewaste
managment,identity
theft,Genderand
disability issue in using
computer
New
syllabus
2020-21
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Technologyaffectsthewayindividualscommunicate,
learn,andthink.Technologyhasbothpositiveand
negativeaffectsonsocietyincludingthepossible
improvementordeclinationofsociety.Societyis
definedas,"thesumofsocialrelationshipsamong
humanbeings"andtechnologyisdefinedas,"the
bodyofknowledgeavailabletoacivilizationthatisof
useinfashioningimplements,practicingmanualarts
andskills,andextractingorcollectingmaterials."
Technologyshapesoursocietyandhasbothpositive
andnegativeaffects.
Technology and society:

3. Technology and society:
Societalissuesandculturalchangesinducedbytechnology
Socialissues–
1.IdentityTheft
2.CyberBullying
3.GamingAddiction
4.Privacy
5.Health&Fitness
6.Education
7.Terrorism&Crime
8.CommunicationBreakdown
9.DefamationofCharacter
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4. Societalissuesandculturalchangesinducedbytechnology
Culturalchanges–
Technologyhascompletelychangedourculture.Fromourvalues,To
ourmeansofcommunication.Now,Manypeoplehavetroublehavinga
facetofaceconversation,Skypedoesnotcount.Whenpeoplespend
timewithfriends,Itsontheirphones,Tablets,Orcomputers.Also,
Nowpeoplejudgeothersbyhowtechytheircaris,Oriftheyhavethe
newestiPhoneorTabletMostpeoplewanttoputtheirheadphonesin
andlistentomusicratherthanlisteningtoanotherperson.
Videogamesisolateallthingsfromtheworld.Mostpeopleprefer
technologytoday,Justbecausethatisalltheyknow.Todayit’sallabout
touchscreencellphones.Technologyjustisolatespeoplefromreality.
Peoplenowadaysdon’tknowhowtocommunicateinrealworld
situationslikepersonalrelationships,Problemsolvingandexhibiting
adultbehaviors.
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Technology and society:

5. Societalissuesandculturalchangesinducedbytechnology
Culturalchanges–
Let’stakethedailypersonalviewhere:
•Everytimeanotificationpopsuponourphoneorcomputer,that’s
technologyinfluencingculture.
•Everytimeweatatablewithourfriendsandinteractingwiththemand
interactingwithourphone,that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
•Everytimewecanordersomethingfromanonlinevendorratherthan
goingtoalocalstore,that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
•Everytimewelogontohavesomesocialtimewithfriendsratherthan
goingovertotheirhouses,that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
•Everytimeateammateorourentireteamissoburiedunderemailthat
theycan’tthinkstraight,that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
•EverytimewegotoanewplacebasedonitsYelpprofileandreviews,
that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
•Everytimeoneofussitsdowntoconsumeournightlyon-demand
entertainment,that’stechnologyinfluencingculture.
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Technology and society:

6. E-waste Management:
Wheneveranelectronicdevicecoversupitsworkinglife,orbecomesnon-
usableduetotechnologicaladvancementsorbecomesnon-functional,itis
notusedanymoreandcomesunderthecategoryofe-wasteorelectronic
waste.Asthetechnologyischangingdaybyday,moreandmoreelectronic
devicesarebecomingnon-functionalandturningintoe-waste.Managingsuch
non-functionalelectronicdevicesistermedase-wastemanagement.
E-wastemanagementcanbedefinedasthepracticalandholisticapproach
andthefoundingpillarofcuttingdownwastefromourmotherearth.Itis
reusingandrecyclingofe-wastewhichisnolongerinuseandcanbesalved
forsomeofitscomponents.Weareonthevergeofatechnological
breakthroughwiththeintroductionofAIandweneedtodisposeofftoxice-
wastefromourhomebeforewepileupmoreandmoree-waste.Weareis
direneedofintroducingacustomerawarenesscampaignbecauseoflackof
interestandknowledgeregardinge-waste.
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7. Properdisposalofusedelectronicgadgets
E-wasteisagrowingproblemforusinIndia.Asan132crstrong
economy,weproducee-wasteinlargequantities.Itisvery
importanttodisposeoffwasteinapragmaticmanner.
Waystodisposeoffe-waste:
1.GiveBacktoYourElectronicCompaniesandDropOffPoints
2.VisitCivicInstitutions
3.DonatingYourOutdatedTechnology
4.SellOffYourOutdatedTechnology
5.GiveYourElectronicWastetoaCertifiedE-WasteRecycler
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E-waste Management:

8. Identity theft:
Identitytheftoccurswhensomeoneusesouridentityorpersonal
information—suchasourname,ourlicense,orourUniqueID
number—withoutourpermissiontocommitacrimeorfraud.
CommonWays,howourIdentityCanBeStolen
•DataBreaches
•InternetHacking
•MalwareActivity
•CreditCardTheft
•MailTheft
•PhishingandSpamAttacks
•WiFiHacking
•MobilePhoneTheft
•ATMSkimmers
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9. CommonWaysourIdentityisUsed
•Thievesopenfraudulentcreditcardaccountsinourname.
•Thievesuseourcreditcardsoraccountnumberstomake
purchases.
•Thievessellourpersonalinformationonthedarkweb—
UniqueIDno,creditcard,andaccountinformation—to
commitcreditfraud,medicalfraudandmore.
•Thievesfilefraudulenttaxesand/orstealourtaxrefunds.
•Thievesknowyouraccountpasswords,bankPINnumbersor
otherpasswordstoaccessyourcomputer.
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Identity theft:

10. Howtoprotectidentityonline
•Protectourcomputerandsmartphonewithstrong,up-to-date
securitysoftware
•Learntospotspamandscams.
•Usestrongpasswords.
•Monitorourcreditscores
•Freezeourcredit.
•Onlyusereputablewebsiteswhenmakingpurchases
Stepsimmediateafteridentitytheft
1.Contactourlender,notifythemofthefraud.Ifit’sacredit
cardaccount,freezeyourcardimmediately.
2.RegisteranFIRwiththepolice.
3.Followupwiththelendertoensurethatthefraudulent
transaction(ifitappears)theFIRisremoved
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Identity theft:

11. Unique IDs and biometrics
Biometricsisthescienceofanalyzingphysicalorbehavioralcharacteristics
specifictoeachindividualinordertobeabletoauthenticatetheiridentity.
•Physiologicalmeasurements-Theycanbeeithermorphologicalorbiological.
Thesemainlyconsistoffingerprints,theshapeofthehand,ofthefinger,vein
pattern,theeye(irisandretina),andtheshapeoftheface,formorphological
analyses.
•Behavioralmeasurements-Themostcommonarevoicerecognition,
signaturedynamics(speedofmovementofpen,accelerations,pressure
exerted,inclination),keystrokedynamics,thewayobjectsareused,gait,the
soundofsteps,gestures,etc.
Auniqueidentifier(UID)isanumericoralphanumericstringthatisassociated
withasingleentitywithinagivensystem.UIDsmakeitpossibletoaddressthat
entity,sothatitcanbeaccessedandinteractedwith.
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12. UniqueIDGeneration
AnimageprocessingtoollikeMATLABisusedfortheconversionoffingerprintto
uniqueIDintheformofaQRcode.Themostimportantstepistoidentifyaunique
pointinthefingerprintwhichwillserveasareferencepoint.Alltheotherminutia
featureswillbecalculatedwiththispointastheorigin.Andhencethefingerprintof
thesameindividualtakenindifferentorientationswillallproducethesameID.Core
pointofthefingerprintisonesuchuniquepoint.
Afterfindingthecorepoint,theminutiapointsareextractedbytakingthecorepoint
asreference.therewillbealargenumberofminutiae.Butonlyafewminutiaewhich
areabsolutelyuniqueforthatparticularfingerprintisneededtogeneratetheunique
ID.ForthisonlytheminutiaewhichareinsideaRegionOfInterest(ROI)centered
aroundthecorepointaretaken.
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Unique IDs and biometrics

13. UniqueID
Thereliabilityofbiometrics
Biometricauthenticationreliesonstatisticalalgorithms.Itthereforecannot
be100%-reliablewhenusedalone."falserejections"or"falseacceptances“
multi-modalbiometrics
Foranumberofyearsnow,theuseofseveralbiometricsincombination,for
examplethefaceandtheirisortheirisandfingerprints,hasmadeitpossible
toreduceerrorratesconsiderably.
Howaccurateisbiometrics?
Thetechnicalchallengesofautomatedrecognitionofindividualsbasedon
theirbiologicalandbehavioralcharacteristicsareinherentintothe
transformationofanalog(facialimage,fingerprint,voicepattern...)todigital
information(patterns,minutiae)thatcanthenbeprocessedand
compared/matchedwitheffectivealgorithms.
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Unique IDs and biometrics

14. Gender and disability issues while teaching/using computers
GenderIssues
1.Preconceivednotions–Notionslike“boysarebetterat
technicalandgirlsaregoodathumanities.
2.Lackofinterest
3.Lackofmotivation
4.Lackofrolemodels
5.Lackofencouragementinclass
6.Notgirlfriendlyworkculture
Issueslistabovearenotintentionallycreated,henceneeda
differenttypeofhandling
1.Thereshouldbemoreinitiativeprogramforgirlstotake
computersubject.
2.Filmandtvcensorboardshouldensurefairrepresentationof
femalerolemodelsintvorcinema
3.Inpracticalroomtheyshouldbemorehelpedandassisted
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15. DisabilityIssues
1.Unavailabilityofteachingmaterials/aids
2.Lackofspecialneedsteachers
3.Lackofsupportingcurriculum
Possible Solution
•Enough teaching aids must be prepared for specially abled
students
•Must employ special needs teachers
•Curriculum should be designed with students with specially
abled students in mind.
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Gender and disability issues while teaching/using computers